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Program Design for Battery-Based Virtual Power Plants

February 25, 2026

This issue brief by CESA covers BVPP program design. The brief surveys and summarizes the characteristics of existing BVPPs, discusses design elements such as battery ownership and compensation mechanisms, and provides a high-level overview of the current state of BVPPs in the United States

Lessons Learned from Puerto Rico’s First Virtual Power Plant

February 10, 2026

This CESA case study profiles Puerto Rico’s first VPP program. The study explores how customer-centered program design and collaborative efforts between the utility, program aggregators, and end users helped bring LUMA Energy’s Customer Battery Energy Sharing (CBES) program to life and scale it into a model for clean, resilient power.  

Directory of State Low- and Moderate-Income Clean Energy Programs

February 4, 2026

This directory lists and describes state clean energy programs for low- and moderate-income residents and communities.