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Virtual Power Plant Programs Summary Table

Over the past decade, the number of Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) in the U.S. has grown from a handful of small pilots to dozens of programs, some with thousands of participating ratepayers. Battery owners (or leasers) in approximately half the states in the country now have the opportunity to enroll in a VPP, to provide grid services and be compensated in return.

This table summarizes the VPP programs that include battery storage, and provides links to relevant program pages and documents.

This table was last updated in September 2025. If you spot an error or know of a program that is not listed here, please email [email protected] and we will update the table accordingly.

wdt_ID	wdt_created_by	wdt_created_at	wdt_last_edited_by	wdt_last_edited_at	State	Start	Name	Administrator	Eligible Technologies	Battery Ownership	Incentive Type	Incentive Rate	Equity Provisions?	Equity Provision Details	Type & Number of Participants	Contract Duration	Grid Services Provided	Pilot?	Aggregators?	Notes	Program Webpage	More Information
1	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:31 AM	AZ	2021	Arizona Public Service Residential Battery Pilot	Arizona Public Service Company (APS)	Residential batteries	Customer or third party	One-time up-front payment	Data-only customers: $500 per installed kW of battery capacity, with a maximum incentive of $2,500 per home. Data and battery management customers: $500 per installed kW (up to $2,500 per home) for installed battery capacity plus an additional $1,250, with a maximum incentive of $3,750 per home	No	Not Applicable	Residential customers	3 years (duration of pilot)	Peak demand reduction	Yes. Three year pilot (closed).	Yes	Pilot program is closed	https://www.chargingrewards.com/apsbattery/	https://azsolarcenter.org/aps-coming-soon-residential-battery-pilot-program-Full https://www.tesla.com/support/energy/powerwall/own/aps-residential-battery-pilot#:~:text=Option%202:%20Data%20and%20Battery,the%20pilot%2C%20eligibility%20and%20incentives
2	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:31 AM	AZ	2025	APS Storage Rewards Pilot program	Arizona Public Service Company (APS)	Residential batteries	Customer or third party	Performance payment	Annual $110/kW performance payment based on seasonal average capacity of energy exported the electric grid	No	Not Applicable	Up to 5,000 residential customers	5 years (duration of pilot)	Peak demand reduction	Yes. Five year pilot.	Yes	This is a newly approved program.	https://www.chargingrewards.com/apsstoragerewards/	https://azcc.gov/news/home/2025/03/13/arizona-corporation-commission-approves--new-bring-your-own-device-battery-pilot-plan
3	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:31 AM	CA	2022	Demand Side Grid Support Program, Incentive Option 3: Market-Aware Storage Virtual Power Plant Pilot, and Incentive Option 4: Emergency Load Flexibility Virtual Power Plant Pilot	California Energy Commission	Batteries, EVs, solar+storage, smart thermostats, smart residential electrical panels, heat pump water heaters	Customer or third party	Capacity payment	A 30% bonus is applied for program years 2025 and 2026, for all capacity incentives. For option 3, $62.10-$82.80 per kW annual capacity payment, depending on duration of battery resource (2, 3 or 4 hours batteries are eligible). For option 4, $60.58 kW/year.	No	Not Applicable	Aggregators of Residential, commercial and industrial customers with eligible technology	1 year term automatically renewed annually until terminated	Peak load reduction, flexible load reduction	Yes	Yes	The California Energy Commission (CEC) Demand Side Grid Support (DSGS) Program is part of California’s Strategic Reliability Reserve, a suite of programs to alleviate tight energy supplies on the grid caused by heatwaves, wildfires, and other ongoing impacts of climate change. DSGS offers incentives to customers that provide load reduction and backup generation to support the electrical grid during extreme events from May to October. The DSGS Program is open to eligible DSGS providers and participants and has four incentive structure options to choose from: (1) Emergency Dispatch; (2) Market-Integrated Demand Response Incremental Capacity Pilot; (3) Market-Aware Storage Virtual Power Plant Pilot; and (4) Emergency Load Flexibility Virtual Power Plant Pilot. Options 3 and 4 are open to distributed batteries.	https://www.energy.ca.gov/programs-and-topics/programs/demand-side-grid-support-program	https://www.energy.ca.gov/publications/2024/demand-side-grid-support-dsgs-program-guidelines-fourth-edition https://www.brattle.com/insights-events/news/brattle-report-finds-californias-distributed-power-plant-program-could-deliver-hundreds-of-millions-in-cost-savings-while-supporting-grid-reliability/
4	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	CA	2019	Self-Generation Incentive Program (SGIP)	California Public Utilities Commission	Batteries, clean generation	Customer	Split incentive, 50% rebate plus 50% performance payment	$0.15/Wh to $1.00/Wh depending on type of project (based on current step)	Yes	Carve-out and adders for low income, outage-prone and medically vulnerable residential customers, and for commercial and municipal facilities serving disadvantaged communities, Indian territories, or low income communities; or located in outage- and fire-prone areas, and providing essential or emergency services	Residential and commercial customers of regulated utilities	5 years for performance payments, which total 50% of overall incentive	Greenhouse gas emissions reduction, peak demand reduction	No	Yes	SGIP was launched in 2001 as a peak load reduction program. It was refocused on GHG emissions reduction in 2011, with energy storage as an eligible technology. In 2016, 75% of the SGIP incentive budget was dedicated to supporting distributed energy storage. In 2019, 50% of the SGIP incentive was changed from a rebate to a performance incentive to ensure the program resulted in GHG emissions reduction. Also in 2019, equity and outage-prone customer carve-outs and incentive adders were instituted.	https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/industries-and-topics/electrical-energy/demand-side-management/self-generation-incentive-program
5	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:31 AM	CA	2025	Seasonal Aggregation of Versatile Energy (SAVE)	PG&E	Residential batteries, solar and smart electrical panels	Customer or third party	One-time payment	$150 one-time up-front payment per battery.	No	Not Applicable	Up to 1,500 residential customers with battery energy storage systems and up to 400 residential customers with smart electric panels. Sunrun is enrolling 600 customers (see Sunrun’s Local PeakShift Power Program).	One season pilot, June-October 2025	Distribution grid investment deferral	Yes	Sunrun (and other companies) act as aggregator	SAVE delivers targeted load relief to neighborhoods identified with highly constrained electric grids. The goal of this approach is to help avoid or defer growth-related distribution investments, reducing costs for ratepayers. . See Sunrun Peak Power Rewards Program		https://investor.pgecorp.com/news-events/press-releases/press-release-details/2025/PGE-Launches-Seasonal-Aggregation-of-Versatile-Energy-SAVE-Virtual-Power-Plant-Program/default.aspx
6	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:32 AM	CA	2021	Emergency Load Reduction Program (ELRP)	Southern California Edison (SCE)	Aggregated solar+storage, interruptible loads, V2G, commercial/industrial demand response	Customer or third party	Performance payment	$2/kWh reduced during ELRP events, for directly enrolled customers (aggregators may make different payment arrangements with their customers)	No	Not Applicable	Non-residential (commercial, industrial, or agricultural) individual SCE bundled-service customers, Community Choice Aggregation Service customers, and Direct Access customers.	Program will run from 2021 to 2027	Load reduction during grid emergencies	No	Yes. Aggregators in SCE’s Base Interruptible Program (BIP) or Capacity Bidding Program (CBP), and virtual power plant, vehicle grid integration, and non-residential aggregators, as well as third-party demand response providers, may participate. Aggregators include Tesla, Sunrun, Swell Energy, and AutoGrid.	Events are triggered by the “Energy Emergency Alert (EEA)” process defined by the California Independent Service Operator (CASIO) Operating Procedure 4420. Day-ahead events are triggered by CAISO EEA Watch notifications, and Day-of events are triggered by CAISO EEA Watch and EEA-1, EEA-2, or EEA-3 notifications.	https://elrp.sce.com/
7	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:32 AM	CA	2023	Peak Power Rewards Program	Sunrun	Batteries	Customer or third party	Rebate plus free equipment	$750 up-front payment. Free smart thermostat.	No	Not Applicable	8,500 residential solar+storage customers	1 year	Peak demand reduction	No	Sunrun acts as aggregator	Peak Power Rewards is a partnership between Sunrun and utility PG&E. Enrollment was limited to 8,500.	https://cloud.email.sunrun.com/tc-2023-peak-power-rewards-pge	https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/289/sunrun-and-pge-expand-collaboration-on-distributed-power
8	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:32 AM	CA	2024	CalReady	Sunrun	Batteries	Customer or third party	Performance payment	One-time enrollment incentive payment of $100 or $150 per battery, depending on the participant’s Net Energy Metering (NEM) Rate.	No	Not Applicable	More than 56,000 residential customers (about 75,000 batteries)	Sunrun automatically enrolls eligible customers unless they opt out. The CA DSGS Program operates each year for the summer season, between May 1 and October 31, and continues for as many years as the CEC provides funding for the Program. For the 2025 season, eligible Sunrun customers will be able to participate from May 1, 2025 to October 31, 2025.	Peak demand reduction	No	Sunrun acts as aggregator	CalReady is the largest home battery aggregation in the CEC’s Demand Side Grid Support Program, which provides grid support during extreme events.	https://www.sunrun.com/calready	https://electrek.co/2025/05/01/us-largest-virtual-power-plant-now-runs-on-75000-home-batteries/
9	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:32 AM	CA	2025	Local PeakShift Power	Sunrun	Residential solar+storage	Customer or third party	One-time payment	$150 per battery	No	Not Applicable	600 residential solar+storage customers residing in sections of PG&E’s service area that are experiencing distribution circuit constraints	June-October 2025	Distribution investment deferral	Yes	Sunrun acts as aggregator	Sunrun’s Local PeakShift Power program is part of PG&E’s 2025 Seasonal Aggregation of Versatile Energy (SAVE) virtual power plant. In this demonstration, Sunrun will receive information from PG&E on distribution grid needs and, in turn, help PG&E analyze the contributions of distributed energy resources. This collaboration will support the development of new long-term programs to meet the California Energy Commission’s load-shifting goals while also enhancing local reliability. SAVE is being conducted through PG&E's EPIC program, which enables California investor-owned utilities to demonstrate new technologies and evaluate how they support safety, reliability, and affordability objectives for the benefit of all California electric customers. Funding for the SAVE program is provided through EPIC 4.09B Aggregated Customers on Distribution Circuits (ACDC).	https://www.sunrun.com/local-peak-shift-power	https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/337/sunrun-and-pge-harness-home-storage-and-solar-to-alleviate
10	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	CA	2020	Sunrun Brightbox VPP	Sunrun and Southern California Edison (SCE)	Residential solar+storage	Customer or third party	Performance payment	$250/year	Yes	At least 10% of the resource adequacy capacity will be provided from Brightbox systems installed on low-to-moderate income households.	Initial pilot enrolled up to 300 residential solar+storage customers	1 year pilot (complete)	Resource adequacy	Yes	Yes, Sunrun	The Sunrun-SCE contract will participate in California Independent System Operator’s (CAISO) Resource Adequacy program. Initial 1-year pilot was followed by contract between Sunrun and SCE.		https://energized.edison.com/stories/can-your-home-battery-help-power-the-grid-in-times-of-need
11	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	CO	2023	Xcel Renewable Battery Connect	Xcel Energy	Batteries	Customer or third party	Enrollment incentive plus annual incentive	Up-front incentive of $350 per kW AC of Max Continuous Discharge Power (up to $5,000 per application). Plus $100 annual participation incentive for participating in control events.	Yes	Income qualified and disproportionately impacted customers receive $800 per kW AC of Max Continuous Discharge Power (up to 75% of the equipment-only cost).	Residential or small business	5 years	Peak demand reduction	No	No. Developers can enroll customers, but Xcel dispatches enrolled systems directly.		https://co.my.xcelenergy.com/s/renewable/battery-connect
12	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	CT	2022	Energy Storage Solutions	Utilities and CT Green Bank co-administer	Batteries	Customer or third party	Rebate plus performance incentive	Residential up-front incentive ranges from $162.50/kWh to $600/kWh depending on customer type and incentive step. Commercial up-front incentive ranges from $73/kWh to $182/kWh depending on customer type and incentive step. There are also up-front adders for “priority customers” including residential grid-edge and commercial small business, critical facilities, grid edge, and customers replacing fossil fuel generators. Performance payments start at $200/kW summer and $25/kW winter, and decline to $115 and $15, respectively, after the first five years of program operation.	Yes	Rebate adders offered for low income and underserved residential customers. Note that multifamily affordable housing facilities are considered “residential” for purposes of this program.	Residential, commercial and industrial customers. At this writing, 600 residential systems and 4 C/I systems have been deployed.	10 years	Peak demand reduction, reduction in fossil fuel use	No	Yes	ConnectedSolutions was initially offered through the CT energy efficiency program by Eversource, which operates in both CT and MA. Energy Storage Solutions replaced ConnectedSolutions in CT, although ConnectedSolutions is still offered in MA, RI and NH.	https://energystoragect.com/
13	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	HI	2024	BYOD Plus	Hawaiian Electric	Residential batteries paired with renewables (standalone storage is not eligible)	Customer	Upfront incentive (rebate) plus monthly capacity performance incentive (committed capacity credit) plus monthly export credit (performance payment)	Upfront incentive: $100 per kW committed that caps at $500. Monthly capacity performance incentive: $5 per kW committed. Monthly export credit: Calculated based on an assumed exported amount to the grid. The export rate used for the calculation is equal to the Smart Renewable Energy Export's evening peak export rate or the rate of the underlying program, whichever is higher.	Yes	BYOD low- and moderate-income (LMI) adder doubles the upfront incentive (an additional upfront incentive of $100 per kW committed that also caps at $500). BYOD plus LMI customers are eligible for an additional $400/committed kW upfront (no maximum cap).	BYOD is for residential customers of Hawaiian Electric (Hawaiian Electric serves 95 percent of Hawaii’s 1.4 million residents on the islands of Oahu, Maui, Hawaii, Lanai and Molokai). BYOD plus is for residential or commercial customers adding batteries. Advanced meter required.	BYOD enrollees must participate for three years. The program is approved for 10 years. BYOD plus enrollees must participate for 5 years, and the program is approved for 5 years.	Peak demand management	No	Hawaiian Electric acts as aggregator	The Hawaii BYOD program replaced the previous Battery Bonus program.BYOD was subsequently replaced by the expanded BYOD Plus program.	https://www.hawaiianelectric.com/products-and-services/customer-incentive-programs/bring-your-own-device-plus
14	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:32 AM	ID	2022	Wattsmart Battery Program	Rocky Mountain Power	Batteries	Customer or third party	Enrollment incentive plus monthly bill credit	Residential battery incentives are $400/kW enrollment incentive with a cap of $2,000 per household, plus $15/kW monthly participation incentive. Commercial battery incentives are $500/kW enrollment incentive, plus $15/kW monthly participation incentive. Annual participation incentives begin in year two.	No	Not Applicable	Residential and commercial	4 years	Solar shifting, voltage management	No	Rocky Mountain Power acts as aggregator	The Wattsmart program is available in Idaho, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Some program details may differ between states.	https://www.rockymountainpower.net/savings-energy-choices/wattsmart-battery-program.html
15	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:32 AM	KS	2024	Home Battery Storage Pilot	Evergy	Batteries	Utility	Free battery, resilience	Free home battery worth $18,000; customer pays $10/mo program fee	No	Not Applicable	Residential	Approximately 2.5 years	Load shifting (battery charges during low-demand hours and discharges during high demand hours)	Yes. Pilot began in Spring 2024 and ends December 2026.	Evergy owns and operates batteries		https://www.evergy.com/ways-to-save/programs-link/battery-storage-program
16	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:32 AM	LA	2023	Entergy Energy Smart Battery Program	Entergy (program available in New Orleans only)	Batteries	Customer or third party	Enrollment incentive plus annual participation incentive	One-time enrollment incentive of $300 and annual participation incentive of up to $250 based on the ratio of actual participation in events	No	Not Applicable	Pilot program. Phase 1 was open to 30 residential customers. Phase 2 expands pilot to 130 customers (125 residential, 15 small commercial).	Phase 1 was 5 month pilot. Phase 2 is 1 year pilot.	Peak demand reduction	Yes	Honeywell was Phase 1 implemener. Energy Hub is Phase 2 implementer	Program only available in New Orleans.	https://energysmartbatterystorage.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Entergy-NewOrleans-EnergySmart-Battery-Pilot-Program-Flyer-April-2023.pdf
17	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	MA	2023	Cape & Vineyard Electrification Offering (CVEO)	Cape Light Compact	Batteries, solar PV, heat pumps, electrification, efficiency	Customer owns heat pumps, tax equity third party operator owns solar and battery until end of PPA term (10 years), after which ownership reverts to customer	Free or discounted equipment, no-interest financing	Free heat pump, solar PV and battery for low-income and deed-restricted customers; discounted heat pump and solar PV, and no-interest financing, for moderate income customers	Yes	Free and discounted equipment for low and medium income customers; zero-interest financing. This program is limited to low and moderate income customers, and those in deed-restricted housing.	Program is limited to 100 residential customers. Recent reporting shows 55 participants, 12 with batteries. Customers must be low or moderate income, and homes must undergo an efficiency audit and complete electrification.	ConnectedSolutions contracts are 5 years	Peak demand reduction	Yes	The Cape and Vineyard Electric Cooperative (CVEC) acts as aggregator	Customers are enrolled in ConnectedSolutions but revenues go to Cape Light Compact to defray program costs.	https://www.capelightcompact.org/program/cveo/	https://www.cleanegroup.org/publication/solar-storage-electrification-cveo-massachusetts/
18	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:33 AM	MA	2020	Clean Peak Energy Standard (CPES)	Massachusetts Clean Energy Center and Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources	Batteries, solar+storage, generators, EV chargers, water heaters, other electrical and thermal demand response	Customer or third party	Participants generate clean peak energy credits	The value of a Clean Peak Energy Credit (CPEC) is capped by the Alternative Compliance Payment (ACP) rate, which was set at $45/MWh for 2020-2025. In 2026, the ACP rate will increase to $65/MWh.	No	Not Applicable	Residential and commercial customers	N/A	Clean energy during peak demand hours	No	Yes. Electric delivery companies can aggregate their demand response customers and certify them in the CPES.		Program Guidelines	https://www.mass.gov/doc/clean-peak-demand-response-resource-guideline-0/download\|\|Demand Response Customer Guidelines
19	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	MA	2019	ConnectedSolutions	Utilities (Eversource, National Grid, Unitil, Cape Light Compact)	Battery, thermostat, EV managed charging	Customer or third party	Performance incentive averaged over season	$275/kW averaged over season	Proposed	No storage equity provisions; equity provisions proposed for thermostat customers.	Residential or small business customers of Eversource, National Grid, and Cape Light Compact that pay into the Energy Efficiency Fund on their monthly electric bill are eligible. Customers of municipal utilities or coops are not.	5 years	Peak demand reduction	No. The program was piloted prior to being adopted statewide in 2019.	Yes	Storage incentive capped at 150% of host facility peak load. Program was advertised as having both a summer and winter season, with winter performance payment rates being lower than summer rates. However, winter events were never called (utilities deemed winter peak reduction not valuable enough).		https://www.cleanegroup.org/initiatives/energy-storage-policy-and-regulation/connectedsolutions/
20	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:32 AM	MD	2022	Elk Neck Battery Storage Pilot Program	Delmarva Power and Sunverge	Residential batteries	Sunverge/customer. Customers may elect to keep batteries after program ends, or Sunverge will remove them	Free battery plus on-bill credit	Free battery plus $1.25/kWh reduced through Delmarva Power’s Peak Energy Savings Credit Program.	No	Not Applicable	110 residential customers	10 year pilot program	Peak demand reduction, possible other services in regional wholesale electricity market	Yes	Yes		https://www.delmarva.com/smart-energy/innovation-technology/battery-storage	https://www.psc.state.md.us/wp-content/uploads/Energy-Storage-Pilot-Program-Interim-Report.pdf
21	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:33 AM	ME	2024	Small Battery Management Initiative	Efficiency Maine Trust	Batteries	Customer or third party	Performance incentive	$100 for each kW of average discharge during events over the season, up to 20 kW. For example, if a battery discharges an average of 10 kW for all events of the season, the annual incentive would be $1,000 (10 kW X $100/kW). Opting out of an event counts as zero kW.	No	Not Applicable	Residential and small commercial customers	No term limit for qualifying systems; three-year incentive rate lock.	Peak demand reduction	No	Yes	Residential or volumetric small commercial customers are eligible. Customers may self-enroll or enroll through an aggregator. Batteries must be from approved list. This program is not accepting new enrollments at this time.	https://www.efficiencymaine.com/docs/Small_Battery_Management_Program_Manual.pdf (PREVIOUS LINK WAS INACTIVE)
22	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:33 AM	ME	2023	Maine Energy Storage System Program	Efficiency Maine Trust	Batteries	Customer or third party	Performance payment	$200/kW of validated reduction in grid-supplied energy during regional peak demand hours (see notes)	No	Not Applicable	Commercial customers on demand charge rates; energy storage systems must be 20 kW or larger to enroll (up to 3 MW), and behind-the-meter.	5 years	Peak demand reduction	No	No	In order to earn performance payments, the battery must be deployed at least 15 times per summer season. Each dispatch must be at least 3 hours in duration, and ISO New England load must be within 15% of the peak summer load for the discharge event to qualify. Note that there is no dispatch signal; determination of peak demand hours is the sole responsibility of the energy storage system owner.	https://www.efficiencymaine.com/energy-storage-system-projects/
23	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:33 AM	MO	2023	Evergy's Home Battery Storage Pilot Program	Evergy	Batteries	Utility	Free battery, resilience	Free home battery worth $18,000; customer pays $10/month program fee	No	Not Applicable	50 residential customers	2 years. Pilot ends 2026	Load shifting (battery charges during low-demand hours and discharges during high demand hours).	Yes	Evergy acts as aggregator	This program is available in both Missouri and Kansas. Some program details may differ between states.	https://www.evergy.com/ways-to-save/programs-link/battery-storage-program	https://www.evergy.com/-/media/images/battery-storage-customer-agreement--2022_1004342412-v4.pdf
24	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:35 AM	NC	2024	Duke Energy Power Pair	Duke Energy	Residential solar+storage	Customer or third party	Up-front rebate plus monthly performance payment	One time $0.36/wattAC for solar panel installation up to 10 kW-AC. One time $400/kWh for battery storage installation up to 13.5 kWh (up to $5,400). Qualifying PowerPair installations that also enroll in Power Manager® Battery Control may be eligible for monthly bill credit based on battery capacity, up to a maximum of 20 kW per home.	no	Not Applicable	Residential customers. Up to 6,000 systems.	10 years	Peak demand reduction, increased solar adoption, carbon emissions reductions	Yes	Duke acts as aggregator		https://www.duke-energy.com/Home/Products/PowerPair	https://powerpair.solar/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/DEC-Power-Manager-Battery-Control-One-Pager.pdf
25	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:35 AM	NH	2019	Battery Storage Pilot Program	Liberty Utilities	Tesla Powerwall batteries	Utility	Customer pays lease in exchange for whole-house backup power (two Tesla Powerwalls).	Customer pays $50/month or $4,866 up front	No	Not Applicable	100 customer pilot. Residential customers only.	10 years	Peak demand reduction	Yes. Phase 1 was successful, regulator has requested a Phase 2 plan from Liberty Utilities.	Utility acts as aggregator	Batteries are programmed to charge at night and reduce residential load at peak, and will export excess power to the grid when called upon. Customers are compensated at net metering rates. Participating customers are moved to a Time of Use rate. NH PUC has declared the pilot a success and asked Liberty to expand it.	https://new-hampshire.libertyutilities.com/bath/residential/smart-energy-use/electric/battery-storage.html
26	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:35 AM	NY	2022	PSEG Long Island Battery Storage Rewards Program	PSE&G (available on Long Island only)	Tesla batteries	Customer or third party	Performance payment plus capacity payment	$0.25 for every kWh supplied by customer battery during events, plus a capacity payment of $8 per kW per month from May to September.	No	Not Applicable	Residential solar+storage customers of PSEG. At least 850 enrolled customers.	1 year, with automatic 1-year extensions until terminated	Grid stability during peak load	No	Yes		https://www.tesla.com/support/energy/virtual-power-plant/psegli
27	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:35 AM	NY	2024	Rooftop Solar/Battery Backup Pilot Project	Sunrun and Orange & Rockland Utilities (O&R)	Residential solar+storage	Customer or third party	Free or discounted battery	Enrolled customers receive either a free LG Chem battery pack or a discounted Tesla Powerwall	No	Not Applicable	325 residential customers installing Sunrun solar panels	10 year program	Peak demand reduction	Yes	Sunrun			https://gridconnect.nyserda.ny.gov/discussion-topics/orange-rockland-partners-with-sunrun-to-build-and-operate-new-yorks-largest-residential-virtual-power-plant/
28	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:36 AM	OR	2025	Wattsmart Battery Program	Pacific Power	Batteries	Customer or third party	Enrollment incentive plus annual participation incentive	Enrollment incentive is $600/kW up to $3,000 (residential) and $600/kW up to 30 kW (commercial). Annual participation incentive is $15/kW (residential and commercial).	No	Not Applicable	Residential and commercial customers of Pacific Power	4 years	Solar shifting, voltage management	No	Pacific Power acts as aggregator	The Wattsmart program is available in Idaho, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Some program details may differ between states.	https://www.pacificpower.net/savings-energy-choices/wattsmart-battery-program.html
29	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:36 AM	PR	2023	Customer Battery Energy Sharing (CBES)	LUMA	Residential or commercial solar+battery, NEM-enrolled	Customer or third party	Incentive determined by aggregators	Determined by aggregator	No	Not Applicable	Residential and commercial LUMA customers	Program approved for 2026-2028	Increase the supply of energy available to the electricity grid during peak demand periods, to improve day-to-day service reliability and minimize the impacts of potential load shedding.	No. Program began as a pilot, but was expanded and approved as a full program for 2026-2028.	Yes		https://lumapr.com/battery-demand-response/?lang=en
30	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:36 AM	PR	2023	Battery Emergency Demand Response Program	LUMA	Residential or commercial solar+batteries customers, must be NEM enrolled	Customer or third party	Performance payment	$1.25 per kWh standard offer for all DR aggregators; aggregators compensate participating customers	No	Not Applicable	Residential and commercial LUMA customers. Target is 6,500 enrolled customers.	1-year pilot	Demand Response	Yes. Pilot was expanded and became a full program for 2026-2028 (see Puerto Rico Customer Battery Energy Sharing program).	Yes		https://lumapr.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Battery-Emergency-DR-Program-Guidelines-V1.0.pdf
31	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:36 AM	PR	2023	PowerOn Puerto Rico	Sunrun	Residential solar+storage	Customer or third party	Performance payment	$1/kWh delivered during events	No	Not Applicable	More than 4,000 customer batteries are enrolled. Program is capped at 6,500 customers.	Opt-in customers continue until they withdraw. Four months for auto-enrolled customers.	Emergency demand response to improve grid stability	No	Yes (Sunrun)		https://www.sunrun.com/poweron-puerto-rico	https://www.cesa.org/resource-library/resource/puerto-rico-virtual-power-plant/
32	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	RI	2019	ConnectedSolutions	Utilities	Batteries, thermostats, EVs and EV chargers	Customer	Performance payments based on average performance across season	$225/kW averaged across season, up to a maximum of $6,875/year	Yes	Zero-interest loan	Residential and small business. Enrollment cap for 2024-2026 cycle is 1,062 customers (145 spaces remained available as of 12/31/24).	5 years	Peak demand reduction	No	Yes. Customers can enroll through a Curtailment Service Provider (CSP) or directly with their utility.	Launched in RI by National Grid at the same time as the Massachusetts ConnectedSolutions program was launched (National Grid serves both states).	https://energy.ri.gov/renewable-energy/energy-storage/connectedsolutions
33	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:36 AM	SC	2024	EnergyWise Home and Power Manager Battery Control Program	Duke Energy	Batteries and thermostats	Customer	Performance payment	Monthly incentive ranges from $5/month to $66/month depending on battery capacity and make/model	No	Not Applicable	Residential customers of Duke Energy	1 year minumum	Peak demand reduction	No	Yes	PowerPair is only available in NC at this time, but the Power Manager Battery Control Program is available in both NC and SC (in Duke Energy service area). The SC program is BYOD, the NC program is BYOD/PowerPair.	https://www.duke-energy.com/home/products/power-manager/battery-control	https://mercury.energyhub.net/t/terms/duke-battery/tesla-duke-battery.pdf
34	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:36 AM	TX	2022	Aggregate Distributed Energy Resource (ADER)	ERCOT	The ADER program allows generators (like solar+storage) and demand response resources (water heaters, thermostats, EV chargers). The two VPPs that have completed testing and are qualified to participate are the two Tesla Energy VPPs.	Customer or third party	Monthly bill credit based on number of enrolled batteries, plus a monthly sellback credit for exported power	90% of real-time market settlement point price (SPP) as determined by ERCOT on a 15-minute interval basis for the load-zone nearest the utility meter of power supplied to the grid, plus $10 per month per installed powerwall	No	Not Applicable	Residential battery customers. Pilot initially capped at 80 MW, with plans for expansion.	Pilot to continue until market rules are changed to accommodate aggregated DERs. Pilot is expected to continue at least three years from inception.	Grid stability	Yes	Yes	Currently there are eight VPPs totaling 7.2 MW in the ADER pilot. Two VPPs administered by Tesla Energy are active in the pilot: one aggregates Houston-area CenterPoint Energy customers and the other aggregates Dallas-area customers served by Oncor Electric Delivery Company. Six other VPPs have completed the initial registration steps and are in the commissioning process.	https://www.ercot.com/mktrules/pilots/ader	https://puctx-my.sharepoint.com/personal/ebreed_puc_texas_gov/Documents/Desktop/ADER FINAL 8.23 https://www.ercot.com/files/docs/2025/06/16/4.3-Aggregate-Distributed-Energy-Resource-ADER-Pilot-Project-Phase-3.pdf
35	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:37 AM	TX	2023	Tesla Electric Virtual Power Plant Pilot with ERCOT	Tesla Electric and Sunrun	Tesla Powerwall batteries (excluding Powerwall I)	Customer or third party	Annual rate paid monthly via a bill credit based on number of enrolled batteries, plus a monthly sellback credit for exported power	$400 per year per enrolled Powerwall, plus $0.05/kWh for energy exported to the grid through the Texas Sellback program (net metering). Tesla plans to move from a fixed annual credit to a monthly performance-based credit in the future.	No	Not Applicable	Residential battery customers	Varies depending on utility. Some customers are month-to-month while others enroll for 5 years.	Peak load reduction (BTM load reduction and power export)	Yes. See ADER pilot.	Yes (Tesla)	See ERCOT ADER program.	https://www.tesla.com/support/energy/virtual-power-plant/tesla-electric
36	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:37 AM	TX	2024	TXU Energy & Sunrun Battery Rewards	Vistra and Sunrun	Solar+storage	Customer or third party	Semi-annual fixed payments	$200/year	No	Not Applicable	Residential customers	2 year program	Peak demand reduction	Yes. See ERCOT ADER pilot.	Yes		https://www.txu.com/campaigns/sunrun-battery-rewards	https://www.sunrun.com/txu-battery-rewards TXU Energy & Sunrun Battery Rewards Program Terms and Conditions
37	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:37 AM	UT	2020	Wattsmart Battery Program	Rocky Mountain Power	Batteries	Customer or third party	Enrollment incentive plus monthly bill credit	Residential battery incentives are $400/kW enrollment incentive with a cap of $2,000 per household, plus $15 per kW participation incentive beginning in year two. Commercial customer enrollment incentive is $125/kW x annual commitment term (reduced from previous $150/kW x annual commitment term), plus $15 per kW participation incentive beginning in year two.	No	Not Applicable	Residential and commercial	4 years	Solar shifting, voltage management	No. Program is based on previous 600-battery pilot.	No (Rocky Mountain Power acts as aggregator)	Rocky Mountain Power piloted the Wattsmart program in 2019, and expanded it throughout its Utah territory in 2020. The Wattsmart program is available in Idaho, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Some program details may differ between states.	https://www.rockymountainpower.net/savings-energy-choices/wattsmart-battery-program.html
38	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	VT	2020	Battery leasing Program	Green Mountain Power (GMP)	Tesla Powerwall batteries	Utility	Customer pays monthly lease in exchange for residential whole house backup power (two Tesla Powerwalls)	Customer pays $55/mo or one payment of $5,500	Yes	GMP’s new Energy Storage Access Program offers free 10-year battery leasing for low income customers. Approved by VT PUC June 2024.	No cap on participation. Residential customers only. GMP has at least 4,800 BTM batteries installed. Most homes have two batteries for whole-home resilience. GMP’s battery leasing program has been more popular than its BYOD program.	10 years	Peak demand reduction, frequency regulation	No	Utility serves as aggregator	Battery leasing (Tesla) program began with pilots in 2015; fully tariffed program was approved in 2020. Customers get two Tesla Powerwall batteries with a ten-year lease for $55 per month, or one payment of $5,500. This program has been very popular, with a 2-year waiting list. The VT PUC recently lifted the enrollment cap.	https://greenmountainpower.com/rebates-programs/home-energy-storage/energy-storage/	https://greenmountainpower.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/ESS-Customer-Agreement-PW3-V2-09.23.2024.pdf https://static.greenmountainpower.com/tariffs/add-ons/Energy-Storage-Access-Program-Rider.pdf
39	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:37 AM	VT	2020	Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)	Green Mountain Power (GMP)	Residential batteries	Customer or third party	Performance incentive based on duration of discharge, with locational bonus	Backup only option: $850 per kW (up to 10 kW) available for a minimum duration of 3 hours or $950 per kw (up to 10kW) available for a minimum duration of 4 hours. An additional $100 per kW (up to 10 kW) applies to equipment installed as a stand-alone system or paired with a pre-existing solar array in a constrained area of GMP’s grid. Self-consumption option: One-time incentive payment for equipment paired with self-consumption is $850.00. An additional $100 incentive payment applies to equipment installed as a stand-alone system or paired with a pre-existing solar array in a constrained area of GMP’s grid.	No	Not Applicable	No cap on participation. Residential customers only.	10 years	Peak demand reduction, frequency regulation	No	Utility serves as aggregator	GMP began pilot programs for customer battery VPPs with the McKnight Lane project, a 14-unit modular affordable housing project developed in collaboration with Clean Energy Group, the Clean Energy States Alliance, Sandia National Laboratories, and U.S. Department of Energy Office of Electricity. McKnight Lane was completed in 2016. GMP’s BYOD program gained regulatory approval in 2020.	https://greenmountainpower.com/rebates-programs/home-energy-storage/bring-your-own-device/	Customer Agreement McKnight Lane Redevelopment Project - Clean Energy Group Case Study – McKnight Lane Redevelopment Project - Clean Energy States Alliance
40	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:37 AM	WA	2025	Wattsmart Battery Program	Pacific Power	Batteries	Customer or third party	Enrollment incentive plus annual participation incentive	Residential customers: $600/kW enrollment incentive, with a cap of $3,000 per battery and a limit of two batteries per household, plus $15/kW participation incentive beginning in year 2. Commercial customers: $600 per kW (up to 30 kW) enrollment incentive, plus $15/kW participation incentive beginning in year 2.	No	Not Applicable	Residential and commercial customers of Pacific Power	4 years	Solar shifting, voltage management	No	Pacific Power acts as aggregator	The Wattsmart program is available in Idaho, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Some program details may differ between states.	https://www.pacificpower.net/savings-energy-choices/wattsmart-battery-program.html
41	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	WA	2024	PSE Flex	Puget Sound Energy (PSE)	Residential HVAC, thermostats, EV charging, batteries	Customer or third party	Enrollment incentive plus annual incentive	$1,000 per battery enrollment incentive, plus up to $500/year per battery performance incentive	Yes	Enhanced incentives for income-eligible and home health customers: $10,000 or 100% installed battery costs. For customers facing frequent outages: $5,000 or 100% installed battery costs.	Residential customers	No set enrollment duration. PSE contract with AutoGrid is 5 years.	Peak demand management	No	Yes. AutoGrid serves as aggregator.		https://www.pse.com/en/rebates/PSE-flex
42	YF2AyeHx	October 2, 2025 01:08 PM	YF2AyeHx	October 3, 2025 10:34 AM	WY	2020	Wattsmart Battery Program	Rocky Mountain Power	Batteries	Customer or third party	Enrollment incentive plus monthly bill credit	Residential: $400/kW enrollment incentive with a cap of $2,000 per household, plus $15/kW performance incentive starting year 2. Commercial: $500/kW enrollment incentive, plus $15/kW performance incentive starting year 2.	No	Not Applicable	Residential and commercial	4 years	Solar shifting, voltage management	No. Program is based on previous 600-battery pilot	No. Rocky Mountain Power acts as aggregator.	The Wattsmart program is available in Idaho, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Some program details may differ between states.	https://www.rockymountainpower.net/savings-energy-choices/wattsmart-battery-program.html	https://www.rockymountainpower.net/savings-energy-choices/wattsmart-battery-program.html