Resource Archive - VPPs
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Over the past decade, the number of Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) in the U.S. has grown from a handful of small pilots to dozens of programs, some with thousands of participating ratepayers. Battery owners (or leasers) in approximately half the states in the country now have the opportunity to enroll in a VPP, to provide grid services and be compensated in return. This table summarizes the VPP programs that include battery storage, and provides links to relevant program pages and documents.
This issue brief by CESA covers BVPP program design. The brief surveys and summarizes the characteristics of existing BVPPs, discusses design elements such as battery ownership and compensation mechanisms, and provides a high-level overview of the current state of BVPPs in the United States
This CESA case study profiles Puerto Rico’s first VPP program. The study explores how customer-centered program design and collaborative efforts between the utility, program aggregators, and end users helped bring LUMA Energy’s Customer Battery Energy Sharing (CBES) program to life and scale it into a model for clean, resilient power.
This issue brief, released by Clean Energy Group and CESA, outlines best practices and lessons learned for state policymakers and regulators engaged in developing energy storage peak demand reduction programs. The brief explores key elements of program design, such as incentive mechanisms and dispatch methods, as well as considerations for incentivizing load reduction versus power export, and peak demand reduction versus emission reduction.
This issue brief provides recommendations and guidance on incentive rate-setting for states seeking to develop distributed (behind-the-meter) energy storage incentive programs. It is intended to help states decide how to structure incentive programs and how to set incentive rates.
This report is intended as a guide for state energy agencies preparing to conduct cost-effectiveness evaluation for battery storage. It presents a benefit-cost analysis framework for battery storage and attempts to address many of the uncertainties state energy agencies may encounter.
A defunct mobile home park in rural Vermont was transformed into the first resilient, zero-energy, affordable modular housing development in the country with solar and battery storage systems. This case study includes technical and financial details, as well as lessons learned over the course of the project.