Virtual Power Plant Programs Summary Table
Todd Olinsky-Paul | Clean Energy States Alliance
Over the past decade, the number of battery-based virtual power plants (VPPs) in the US has grown from a handful of small pilots to dozens of programs, some with thousands of participants. Battery owners (or leasers) in more than half the states in the country now have the opportunity to enroll in a VPP, to provide grid services and be compensated in return.
This table summarizes the VPP programs that include battery storage and provides links to relevant program pages and documents.
Using this table:
- Sorting: Each column can be sorted alphabetically by clicking on the column title. The sorted column will have a small black arrow in the column title box.
- Searching: The “Keyword Search” field at the top right of the table will search all text associated with each program listed.
- Program Details: Click on the “view more” button in the “Details” column at the right to view additional information about each program. Additional information includes equity provision details, administrator type, contract duration, grid services provided, incentive rate details, aggregator information, program notes, and links to relevant documents and websites.
This table was last updated in August 2026. If you spot an error or know of a program that is not listed here, please email [email protected] and we will update the table accordingly.
Battery-based VPP Programs
States plus DC, PR, and VI
Programs with Equity Provisions
Resource Details:
Date: February 25, 2026
Type: Online Directory
Topic(s): Community Solar, Distributed Generation, Energy Storage, Grid Modernization, VPPs
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| Administrator Type | Incentive Rate | End | Equity Provision Details | Customer Segment | Contract Duration | Grid Services Provided | Pilot? | Aggregators? | Aggregators | Program Size (MW) | Notes | Program Webpage | Additional Link #1 | Additional Link #2 | |||||||||||
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| State | Name | Administrator | Administrator Type | Incentive Type | Incentive Rate | Eligible Technologies | Battery Ownership | Start | End | Status | Equity Provisions? | Equity Provision Details | Type & Number of Participants | Customer Segment | Contract Duration | Grid Services Provided | Pilot? | Aggregators? | Aggregators | Program Size (MW) | Notes | Program Webpage | Additional Link #1 | Additional Link #2 | Details |
| AZ | APS Residential Battery Pilot | Arizona Public Service (APS) | Investor-owned utility | One-time upfront incentive | $500/kW up to $2,500/home for data-only; $500/kW plus $1,250 bonus up to $3,750/home for data + battery management | Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2021 | Closed | Closed Pilot | No | Not applicable | Residential APS customers | Residential | 3 years | Peak demand reduction | Yes | Yes | Tesla / battery platform providers | The original APS Residential Battery Pilot is full/closed and has been succeeded by APS Storage Rewards. Customers in the battery-management option allowed APS to share/use up to 80% of battery capacity for up to 100 events per year. | https://www.tesla.com/support/energy/powerwall/own/aps-residential-battery-pilot | ||||
| AZ | TEP Energy Storage Rewards | Tucson Electric Power (TEP) | Investor-owned utility | Performance bill credit | $120/kW of average seasonal performance; paid twice yearly as bill credits; typical customer may earn about $360/season | Battery storage, Solar + storage | Customer-owned | 2025 | ##### | Active Program | No | Not applicable | TEP residential customers with qualifying battery systems; battery-only or solar+battery eligible | Residential | Initial participation period through Dec 31, 2026 | Peak demand reduction, Emergency demand response | No | Yes | Tesla; Enphase; SolarEdge | TEP Energy Storage Rewards pays residential battery customers for allowing TEP to call on stored energy during peak periods. Eligible pathways include Tesla, Enphase, and SolarEdge. Enphase confirms the initial participation period runs through Dec 31, 2026. | https://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program/detail/22774/tucson-electric-power-energy-storage-rewards-program | https://www.tesla.com/support/energy/virtual-power-plant/tucsonelectric | |||
| AZ | APS Storage Rewards Pilot | Arizona Public Service (APS) | Investor-owned utility | Performance capacity payment | $110/kW annual capacity payment based on average exported/dispatched battery performance | Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2025 | 2030 | Active Pilot | No | Not applicable | Up to 5,000 residential APS customers | Residential | 5 years | Peak demand reduction | Yes | Yes | Multiple OEM/platform partners; FranklinWH, Enphase, SolarEdge listed; APS-administered | APS Storage Rewards is the successor to the closed APS Residential Battery Pilot. The Arizona Corporation Commission approved the BYOD battery pilot in March 2025. APS materials describe it as a 5-year pilot with up to 5,000 participants and up to 60 demand response events per year. | https://www.azcc.gov/news/home/2025/03/13/arizona-corporation-commission-approves--new-bring-your-own-device-battery-pilot-plan | https://www.chargingrewards.com/apsstoragerewards/ | |||
| AZ | SRP Battery Partner | Salt River Project (SRP) | Municipal utility / public power | Performance bill credit | $55/kW of average capacity delivered per season; paid twice yearly as bill credits; about $110/kW-year | Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2025 | ##### | Active Pilot | No | Not applicable | Up to 5,000 SRP residential customers with eligible batteries | Residential | 5 years | Peak demand reduction, Emergency demand response | Yes | Yes | EnergyHub; Tesla; FranklinWH; SolarEdge | SRP Battery Partner is a 5-year pilot ending April 30, 2030, capped at 5,000 customers. SRP confirms participating battery partners include FranklinWH, Tesla, and SolarEdge. FranklinWH confirms $55/kW per season and bill-credit payment after summer and winter seasons. | https://www.franklinwh.com/homeowner-incentives/arizona-srp-battery-partner-program/ | ||||
| CA | Self-Generation Incentive Program (SGIP) | California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) | State agency / regulator | Rebate with performance / demand response requirements | Varies by customer class, technology, incentive step, and equity category; see current SGIP handbook and program administrator tables | Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2001 | Active Program | Yes | Equity, equity-resiliency, wildfire, critical-facility, and income-qualified incentive categories exist under SGIP. | Residential and commercial customers of regulated California utilities | Residential, Commercial, Low/moderate income | Varies by project and SGIP reservation | Peak demand reduction, GHG reduction, resilience | No | Yes | Program administrators and approved contractors; not a single aggregator program | SGIP is not a traditional VPP tariff, but it is a major storage incentive program with demand response enrollment/performance requirements for many applicants. It remains important as a foundational battery deployment mechanism. | https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/-/media/cpuc-website/divisions/energy-division/documents/self-generation-incentive-program/2025-sgip-handbook-v1.pdf | https://www.selfgenca.com/home/about/ | ||||
| CA | Sunrun Brightbox Virtual Power Plant Pilot (Southern California Edison) | Sunrun + Southern California Edison (SCE) | Third-party aggregator + Investor-owned utility | Annual performance incentive | $250 incentive paid after successful completion of the first year | Solar + Storage; Battery Storage | Customer-owned | 2020 | 2021 | Closed Pilot | Yes | None specified | Up to 300 residential Brightbox customers in SCE territory | Residential | One-year pilot participation | Peak demand reduction; Grid support; VPP demonstration | No | Yes | Sunrun | Residential pilot launched by Sunrun and Southern California Edison to demonstrate aggregation of Brightbox home battery systems into a virtual power plant. The pilot enrolled up to 300 households to evaluate coordinated battery dispatch and customer participation. | https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/205/sunrun-launches-one-of-the-first-home-battery-virtual-power | ||||
| CA | Sunrun–Southern California Edison Residential Resource Adequacy Virtual Power Plant | Sunrun + Southern California Edison (SCE) | Third-party aggregator + Investor-owned utility | Customer compensation under participation agreement (not publicly disclosed) | Customer payment structure not publicly disclosed; Southern California Edison procured 5 MW of Resource Adequacy capacity from aggregated Brightbox battery systems | Solar + Storage; Battery Storage | Customer-owned | 2021 | Active Program | Yes | None specified | Eligible Sunrun Brightbox customers in Southern California Edison territory | Residential | Ongoing participation under Sunrun enrollment agreement | Resource adequacy; Peak demand reduction; Grid reliability; CAISO capacity | No | Yes | Sunrun | Commercial successor to the 2020 Brightbox pilot. Sunrun entered into a commercial agreement with Southern California Edison to provide 5 MW of CAISO Resource Adequacy capacity using aggregated residential Brightbox battery systems, representing one of California's first utility procurements of residential VPP capacity. | https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/221/sunrun-signs-virtual-power-plant-agreement-with-southern | |||||
| CA | Emergency Load Reduction Program (ELRP) | Southern California Edison / CPUC | Investor-owned utility / CPUC demand response program | Performance payment | CPUC: $2/kWh for non-residential and $1/kWh for residential; SCE direct/aggregator materials commonly cite $2/kWh for qualifying non-residential/aggregator load reductions | Battery storage, Solar + storage, Flexible C&I loads, EV charging, Load reduction resources | Customer-owned | 2021 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Commercial and residential customers served by PG&E, SCE, or SDG&E; aggregators may enroll customers | Residential, Commercial, Industrial | Non-residential 2021–2027; residential 2022–2025 per CPUC | Emergency demand response | Yes | Yes | Tesla, Sunrun, Swell, AutoGrid and other DR aggregators may participate | ELRP is a flexible emergency demand response program triggered during grid stress. | https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/industries-and-topics/electrical-energy/electric-costs/demand-response-dr/emergency-load-reduction-program | https://www.sce.com/customer-service-center/help-center/rebate-savings/business-savings/emergency-load-reduction-program | ||||
| CA | Demand Side Grid Support (DSGS) - Options 3 & 4 | California Energy Commission (CEC) | State agency / regulator | Capacity and performance incentives | Option-specific capacity/performance incentives; Option 3 is Market-Aware Storage VPP; 2026 bonus adds 30% to capacity incentives | Battery storage, Solar + storage, Bi-directional EVSE, Demand response, Backup generation, Flexible load | Customer-owned / aggregator-managed | 2022 | Active Pilot | No | Not applicable | DSGS providers/aggregators enrolling residential, commercial, and industrial resources | Residential, Commercial, Industrial | Seasonal program; May–October | Peak demand reduction, Emergency reliability support, Load shifting | Yes | Yes | Aggregators and DSGS providers; Olivine administers participation portal | CEC DSGS supports grid reliability during extreme events. Option 3 is explicitly a Market-Aware Storage VPP pilot. 2026 participation for Option 3 is limited due to budget constraints to storage VPP aggregations that participated in Oct. 2025, except bidirectional EVSE aggregations. | https://dsgs.olivineinc.com/ | https://efiling.energy.ca.gov/GetDocument.aspx?tn=262552 | ||||
| CA | Peak Power Rewards | Sunrun + Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) | Third-party aggregator + investor-owned utility | Upfront payment + equipment | $750 upfront payment + free smart thermostat | Solar + storage, Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2023 | Closed Pilot | No | Not applicable | 8,500 PG&E residential Sunrun solar+storage customers | Residential | Seasonal / program year | Peak demand reduction, Summer reliability | No | Yes | Sunrun | 32 | Peak Power Rewards quickly reached its 8,500-customer cap. Sunrun/PG&E reported an average 27 MW over more than 90 consecutive days and instantaneous peak output near 32 MW during the first season. | https://www.pge.com/en/newsroom/currents/energy-savings/articles-3795-sunrun-pge-expand-collaboration-energy-efficiency-summer-reliability-program.html | https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/302/sunrun-and-pge-complete-first-season-of-innovative | |||
| CA | SMUD My Energy Optimizer Partner+ | Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) | Municipal utility / public power | Upfront + ongoing performance compensation | Upfront and ongoing compensation through Swell GridRevenue model; exact customer rates not publicly disclosed | Battery storage, Solar + storage | Customer-owned | 2023 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | SMUD residential customers with solar-plus-storage; Tesla Powerwall path also available | Residential | Not publicly disclosed | Peak demand reduction, Resource adequacy, Load shifting | No | Yes | Swell Energy; Tesla | 10 | SMUD and Swell announced a VPP partnership in Dec. 2022, with enrollments beginning in Q1 2023. The initial effort targeted 10 MW / 20 MWh, with potential expansion to 27 MW / 54 MWh. Tesla separately lists a SMUD My Energy Optimizer Partner+ path for Powerwall customers. | https://www.smud.org/Corporate/About-us/News-and-Media/2022/2022/SMUD-and-Swell-Energy-partner-on-virtual-power-plant | https://www.tesla.com/support/energy/virtual-power-plant/smud | |||
| CA | CalReady | Sunrun under CEC DSGS | Third-party aggregator | Enrollment/payment through DSGS participation | Customer enrollment incentives vary by Sunrun/DSGS terms; Sunrun reported significant customer payouts in prior season | Battery storage, Solar + storage | Customer-owned | 2024 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | More than 56,000 Sunrun customers; about 75,000 batteries enrolled for 2025 season | Residential | Seasonal DSGS participation | Peak demand reduction, Resource adequacy, Emergency reliability support | No | Yes | Sunrun | 375 | CalReady is Sunrun’s large DSGS-backed residential battery aggregation. Sunrun reported more than 56,000 customers and about 75,000 batteries for 2025, with up to 375 MW peak capacity; 2024 participation exceeded 16,000 homes, averaged 48 MW, and peaked at 54 MW. | https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/340/sunruns-distributed-power-plant-quadruples-in-size-to | https://electrek.co/2025/05/01/us-largest-virtual-power-plant-now-runs-on-75000-home-batteries/ | |||
| CA | MCE Virtual Power Plant Pilot / Richmond Advanced Energy Community | MCE (Marin Clean Energy) | Community Choice Aggregator (CCA) | On-bill credits | Customer bill credits vary by asset/customer type | Battery storage, Solar + storage, EV charging, Heat pumps, Smart appliances, Smart equipment | Mixed ownership | 2024 | Active Pilot | Yes | Pilot prioritizes Richmond disadvantaged communities, affordable housing, low-income homes, and businesses; residential customers can receive up to $50/month in bill credits, commercial up to $300/month, industrial up to $750/month. | MCE customers in Richmond; residential, commercial, and industrial sites; LMI/disadvantaged-community focus | Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Low/moderate income | Not publicly disclosed | Peak demand reduction, Load shifting, Demand response, Grid services / market participation | Yes | Yes | MCE-operated VPP; technical partners per CEC project materials | MCE’s VPP is a CCA-led, grant-funded Richmond demonstration, not a broad statewide tariff. It is still a real coordinated VPP pilot because customer devices respond to MCE signals and participants receive bill credits. $5M grant from CEC | https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2026-05/CEC-500-2026-013.pdf | https://cal-cca.org/mce-and-partners-unveil-virtual-power-plant-bringing-the-home-of-the-future-to-life/ | ||||
| CA | Local PeakShift Power | Sunrun under PG&E SAVE | Third-party aggregator | One-time payment | $150 per enrolled battery; customers also receive NEM credits for exports | Battery storage, Solar + storage | Customer-owned | 2025 | Active Pilot | No | Not applicable | Initially about 600 Sunrun storage customers in PG&E distribution-constrained areas; later expanded to more than 1,000 customers | Residential | May 15, 2025–Oct. 31, 2025 program term for 2025 offer | Distribution deferral, Local peak reduction | Yes | Yes | Sunrun | Local PeakShift Power is Sunrun’s customer-facing component of PG&E’s SAVE VPP. Customers in selected feeders/substations receive $150 per battery for sharing stored solar energy for local grid support. Terms list a max 100 hours for the 2025 program. | https://www.sunrun.com/tos-local-peak-shift-power | https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/362/sunrun-and-pge-dispatch-energy-from-northern-california | ||||
| CA | Seasonal Aggregation of Versatile Energy (SAVE) | PG&E | Investor-owned utility | One-time payment / program partner compensation | Customer-facing Sunrun component: $150 per battery; other program compensation may vary | Battery storage, Solar + storage, Smart electrical panels, Flexible load | Customer-owned | 2025 | Active Pilot | No | Not applicable | Up to 1,500 battery customers plus up to 400 smart-panel customers; Sunrun enrolling Local PeakShift participants | Residential | 2025 pilot season | Distribution deferral, Local peak demand reduction | Yes | Yes | Sunrun and other providers | PG&E SAVE is designed to dispatch distributed batteries/load flexibility for up to 100 hours June–Oct. 2025 in distribution-constrained neighborhoods to provide localized support and defer distribution investments. | https://investor.pgecorp.com/news-events/press-releases/press-release-details/2025/PGE-Launches-Seasonal-Aggregation-of-Versatile-Energy-SAVE-Virtual-Power-Plant-Program/default.aspx | https://www.utilitydive.com/news/pge-announces-microgrid-awards-for-43-million-sunrun-joins-2025-vpp/744223/ | ||||
| CA | Ava Community Energy SmartHome Battery Program | Ava Community Energy | Community Choice Aggregator | Installation rebate + ongoing participation payments | Participation payments paid every three months for five years; Tesla example: $972 installation rebate per Powerwall 3 and ongoing incentives up to $388/year. Ava example: sharing 80% of a 10 kWh battery earns $24/month, paid quarterly. | Battery storage, Solar + storage | Customer-owned | 2026 | Active Program | Yes | Installation rebate depends on income, battery size, and capacity shared with the VPP; program appears designed to improve access to home solar + storage. | Ava residential customers installing or already owning solar + battery systems | Residential, Low/moderate income | 5 years for participation payments | Peak demand reduction, Grid reliability, Emissions reduction, Rate stabilization | No | Yes | Lunar Energy / Gridshare; Tesla pathway; GRID Alternatives involvement for low-income pilots | Ava SmartHome Battery connects home batteries to Ava’s VPP and pays customers through installation rebates and ongoing participation payments. It's a CCA-led residential battery VPP with income-sensitive incentives and nonprofit implementation relevance through GRID Alternatives. | https://www.tesla.com/support/energy/virtual-power-plant/avaenergy-BESS | |||||
| CO | Holy Cross Energy Power+FLEX Battery Program | Holy Cross Energy | Electric cooperative | Upfront incentive + monthly performance bill credit | Up to $500/kW enrolled battery capacity, capped at $12,500; $10.60/kW monthly bill credit for 5 years based on enrolled capacity and performance | Battery storage, Solar + storage | Customer-owned | 2021 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Holy Cross Energy members with eligible batteries; residential and business members appear eligible | Residential, Commercial | 5 years | Peak demand reduction, Load shifting, Distribution flexibility | No | Yes | Holy Cross Energy-administered; Virtual Peaker enrollment platform appears used | Holy Cross Energy’s Power+FLEX program pays members to share battery capacity for distribution flexibility. Official HCE page currently lists $10.60/kW monthly credit, correcting older third-party references to $10.30/kW. Eligible batteries include Emporia/SolaX, Enphase, FranklinWH, Savant Power, and Tesla. | https://www.holycross.com/member-programs/go-solar | https://www.eesi.org/articles/view/colorado-cooperative-leverages-federal-resources-to-make-rural-households-more-secure | ||||
| CO | Renewable Battery Connect | Xcel Energy Colorado | Investor-owned utility | Upfront incentive + annual participation bill credit | Current public page confirms $100 annual participation incentive; recent supporting sources cite $350/kW upfront cap $5,000 and higher income-qualified incentive | Battery storage, Solar + storage | Customer-owned | 2023 | Active Program | Yes | Income-qualified / disproportionately impacted customers receive higher upfront incentive according to Xcel/enrollment materials. | Residential and small business Xcel Colorado customers | Residential, Commercial, Low/moderate income | 5 years | Peak demand reduction | No | No | Utility dispatches directly; Tesla, SolarEdge, Enphase and other OEM pathways may participate | Renewable Battery Connect pays customers for allowing Xcel to charge/discharge enrolled batteries during control events. Earlier materials list $350/kW upfront incentive capped at $5,000 plus $100/year for five years; current Xcel public page clearly confirms the $100 annual participation incentive, while upfront terms may vary or be reopened periodically. | https://enphase.com/installers/grid-services/colorado-battery-rebate-program-reopened-enphase-eligibility | |||||
| CO | Xcel Energy Colorado Aggregator Virtual Power Plant (AVPP) | Public Service Company of Colorado (Xcel Energy) | Investor-owned utility | Performance-based aggregator compensation | Specific aggregator/customer payment terms not fully public; Xcel states up to 25 MW new enrollment annually and 125 MW total expected by 2030 | Battery storage, Solar + storage, Smart thermostats, Water heaters, Heat pumps, EV chargers | Mixed ownership | 2026 | 2030 | Pending Program | No | Not applicable | DER aggregators enrolling residential and commercial customer resources | Residential, Commercial | Through 2030 target period | Peak demand reduction, Resource adequacy, Capacity / grid services | No | Yes | Itron + Tesla identified first; additional aggregators expected | 125 | Xcel Colorado’s AVPP is distinct from Renewable Battery Connect. Xcel’s official AVPP page states enrollment starts in 2026, supports up to 25 MW of new enrollment each year, and targets 125 MW by 2030. Itron confirmed integration with Tesla Powerwall to support Xcel’s advanced VPP. | https://investors.itron.com/news-releases/news-release-details/xcel-energy-deploy-advanced-virtual-power-plant-colorado-itron | |||
| CT | Energy Storage Solutions | Eversource, United Illuminating, Connecticut Green Bank | Investor-owned utility / green bank / regulator-backed program | Enrollment + performance incentives | As of Apr. 1, 2026: Residential $300/kW-year standard, $450/kW-year underserved, $550/kW-year low-income. Small/medium C&I: $325/kW years 1–5 and $175/kW years 6–10. Large C&I: $275/kW years 1–5 and $175/kW years 6–10. | Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2022 | 2031 | Active Program | Yes | Low-income and underserved residential customers receive higher performance incentives. | Residential, commercial, and industrial customers of Eversource and UI | Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Low/moderate income | 10 years | Peak demand reduction, Demand response, Grid reliability | No | Yes | Approved battery providers / aggregators | Energy Storage Solutions launched in Jan. 2022 as a nine-year statewide battery program administered by Connecticut Green Bank, Eversource, and UI under PURA oversight. The program changed on Apr. 1, 2026 from upfront-heavy incentives to a stronger performance-based structure. | https://portal.ct.gov/pura/electric/office-of-technical-and-regulatory-analysis/clean-energy-programs/energy-storage-solutions-program | https://www.ctgreenbank.com/connecticuts-energy-storage-solutions-program-updates-2026ratepayers-and-customers/ | |||
| DC | PowerPath DC Virtual Power Plant Pilot / Solar Aggregation and Advanced Inverter Project | DC Public Service Commission; Ecogy Energy; Ecosuite | State regulator / pilot administrator | Pilot grant / grid-services demonstration | Not publicly disclosed; DCPSC awarded a $3M pilot contract | Battery storage, Solar + storage, EV charging, Flexible building loads, Advanced inverters | Customer-owned / site-hosted | 2026 | 2031 | Pending Pilot | No | Not applicable | Minimum of three customer/site locations with solar, storage, EV charging, and flexible-load assets | Commercial, Residential / demonstration sites | 5 years | Peak demand reduction, Distribution deferral, Dynamic interconnection, Voltage / power-quality support, Aggregated grid services | Yes | Yes | Ecogy Energy; Ecosuite | DCPSC selected Ecogy Energy and Ecosuite for a five-year PowerPath DC pilot to test coordinated DER operation, advanced inverters, dynamic interconnection, and aggregated grid services. This is a technology demonstration, not a broad customer enrollment tariff, but it is VPP-relevant because it tests real-time coordination of distributed resources. | https://dcpsc.org/About-PSC/Procurement/Contracting-and-Procurement/Solar-Aggregation-and-Advanced-Inverter-Pilot-Proj.aspx | https://www.solarpowerworldonline.com/2026/03/virtual-power-plant-demonstration-sets-up-in-washington-d-c/ | |||
| FL | Duke Energy Florida Bring Your Own Battery Study | Duke Energy Florida | Investor-owned utility | Study participation / incentive not clearly disclosed | Not publicly disclosed | Battery storage, Solar + storage | Customer-owned | 2022 | 2023 | Closed Pilot | No | Not applicable | Existing Duke Energy Florida residential customers with installed home batteries | Residential | 12-month study | Peak demand reduction, Grid resiliency, Emergency demand response | Yes | Yes | Sunrun; Generac; SolarEdge; Virtual Peaker | Duke Energy Florida launched a 12-month BYOB study in Jan. 2022 to test whether existing residential batteries could support the grid during peak demand and improve resiliency. | https://news.duke-energy.com/releases/duke-energy-launches-bring-your-own-battery-study-to-test-potential-improvement-of-energy-resiliency-in-florida | https://www.solarpowerworldonline.com/2022/01/duke-energy-florida-sets-up-bring-your-own-battery-virtual-power-plant-pilot-program/ | |||
| FL | Duke Energy Florida Residential Battery Storage Pilot / Hunter’s Creek | Duke Energy Florida | Investor-owned utility | Utility pilot / customer resiliency benefit | Not publicly disclosed | Battery storage | Utility-owned / utility-installed at customer homes | 2026 | 2036 | Active Pilot | No | Not applicable | More than 75 participating single-family homes in Orlando’s Hunter’s Creek neighborhood | Residential | 10-year pilot | Peak demand reduction, Grid resiliency, Backup power, Distribution support | Yes | Yes | Generac | Duke Energy Florida launched a residential battery storage pilot in Orlando’s Hunter’s Creek neighborhood. Duke installed BESS in more than 75 homes to study how residential batteries can manage energy use, provide backup power, and support the grid during high-demand periods. | https://news.duke-energy.com/releases/duke-energy-florida-launches-residential-battery-storage-pilot-in-orlandos-hunters-creek-neighborhood | https://www.energytech.com/energy-storage/news/55357448/duke-energy-florida-launches-home-battery-pilot-in-orlando | |||
| GA | Solar Plus Storage Pilot / Customer-Sited Solar Plus Storage Pilot | Georgia Power | Investor-owned utility | Upfront and performance incentives | Customer-directed model: $15/kW upfront + $1.50/kWh performance; LMI/MUSH customer-directed upfront $45/kW. Company-directed model: $750/kW standard, $1,000/kW LMI/MUSH/commercial. | Solar + storage, Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2025 | Pending Pilot | Yes | LMI and MUSH customers receive higher incentive levels in proposed structures. | Residential and small commercial customers; proposed 50 MW total pilot | Residential, Commercial, Low/moderate income, MUSH / public or institutional | Not yet final | Peak demand reduction, Capacity, Customer-sited DER flexibility | Yes | Yes | To be determined | 50 | Georgia Power proposed a 50 MW customer-sited solar-plus-storage pilot in its 2025 IRP, split between customer-directed and company-directed models. The Georgia PSC approved the 2025 IRP on July 15, 2025 | https://www.georgiapower.com/about/company/filings/irp.html | https://sepapower.org/knowledge/vpp-der-policy-q3-2025/ | |||
| HI | BYOD Plus | Hawaiian Electric | Investor-owned utility | Upfront incentive + export bill credit | $400/kW upfront for standard customers; $800/kW upfront for LMI customers; monthly export credits at retail rate during selected BYOD Plus window | Battery storage, Solar + storage | Customer-owned | 2024 | Active Program | Yes | LMI customers receive higher upfront incentive under Rule 33. | Residential and commercial Hawaiian Electric customers with new battery systems paired with rooftop solar | Residential, Commercial, Low/moderate income | 5 years | Peak demand reduction, Load shifting, Evening export support | No | Yes | Hawaiian Electric / approved device providers | Hawaiian Electric BYOD Plus replaced/expanded prior Battery Bonus-style offerings. Customers commit capacity and export energy during a selected two-hour window while primarily serving household load first. | https://www.hawaiianelectric.com/documents/billing_and_payment/rates/hawaiian_electric_rules/33.pdf | https://gems.hawaii.gov/save-on-your-energy-bill-programs-for-hawaii-households/ | ||||
| ID | Wattsmart Battery Program | Rocky Mountain Power | Investor-owned utility | Upfront incentive + annual bill credit | Effective July 1, 2026 in Idaho/Wyoming: Residential battery systems 10 kW or larger receive $2,000 upfront; systems under 10 kW receive $1,000 upfront; commercial systems up to 30 kW receive $200/kW upfront; ongoing annual bill credit of $15/kW begins in year two. | Battery storage, Solar + storage | Customer-owned | 2022 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Residential and commercial Rocky Mountain Power customers in Idaho | Residential, Commercial | Ongoing annual participation after enrollment | Load shifting, Voltage management, Peak demand reduction | No | Yes | Rocky Mountain Power / approved battery manufacturers | Wattsmart Battery operates across Rocky Mountain Power / Pacific Power territories, but incentive levels differ by state and were updated in 2026. Idaho should be updated from older $400/kW or $500/kW formulas to current 2026 incentive structure. | https://www.pacificorp.com/content/dam/pcorp/documents/en/pacificorp/environment/dsm/idaho/Idaho_Program_Administration_Wattsmart_Batteries_25.pdf | https://www.rockymountainpower.net/content/dam/pcorp/documents/en/rockymountainpower/savings-energy-choices/wattsmart-batteries/RMP_BatteryStorageProgram_customer_FINAL.pdf | ||||
| IL | Illinois Clean and Reliable Grid Affordability Act (SB25) - Distributed Storage & Virtual Power Plant Framework | Illinois Power Agency (IPA), Illinois Commerce Commission (ICC), ComEd, Ameren Illinois, and other qualifying electric utilities | State agency, regulator, investor-owned utilities | Upfront storage rebate plus scheduled dispatch compensation; additional utility VPP compensation to be determined through future utility filings | Storage rebate of $300/kWh for eligible systems installed before December 31, 2029 ($250/kWh thereafter) plus minimum scheduled dispatch compensation of $10/kW average dispatched capacity; additional VPP compensation to be determined through approved utility programs | Battery storage, solar + storage, smart inverters, smart thermostats, EV managed charging, flexible loads, distributed energy resources | Customer-owned / Mixed | 2026 | 2027 | Pending Implementation | Yes | Higher upfront incentives for low- and moderate-income (LMI) customers and Equity Investment Eligible Communities under SB25 | Customers served by qualifying electric utilities installing eligible DERs; final participation requirements to be established through utility implementation plans | Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Low- and Moderate-Income Customers | Minimum five-year participation for customers electing the scheduled dispatch/storage incentive; additional VPP participation requirements to be established through utility filings | Peak demand reduction, scheduled dispatch, demand flexibility, distribution support, resource adequacy, grid reliability | No | Yes | ComEd, Ameren Illinois, other qualifying utilities, and approved aggregators | SB25 (Clean and Reliable Grid Affordability Act) establishes Illinois' statutory framework for distributed battery storage and future utility Virtual Power Plant (VPP) programs. The law creates customer storage rebates, requires scheduled dispatch compensation for participating storage resources, and directs large electric utilities to develop multi-DER VPP programs through future filings approved by the Illinois Commerce Commission. The statute establishes the legal framework; customer-facing VPP programs will be implemented through subsequent utility filings rather than existing as standalone statewide programs today. | https://ipa.illinois.gov/renewable-resources/energy-storage.html | https://sepapower.org/knowledge/vpp-and-supporting-der-policy-developments-q1-2026/ | |||
| IL | ComEd Scheduled Dispatch Program (Interim VPP Tariff) | Commonwealth Edison (ComEd) | Investor-owned utility | Scheduled dispatch performance compensation | Minimum compensation established under SB25 (currently at least $10/kW of average scheduled dispatch performance) | Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2026 | Active Interim Program | Yes | Program implements SB25 equity provisions through the broader statutory framework. | Eligible ComEd customers with qualifying battery storage systems. | Residential, Commercial | Interim tariff remains in effect while ComEd develops its permanent multi-DER VPP program. | Peak demand reduction, Scheduled dispatch, Distribution support | No | Yes | Approved aggregators | The Illinois Commerce Commission approved ComEd's Scheduled Dispatch Program (Rider SDVPP) on July 16, 2026. The tariff establishes an interim battery dispatch program under the Clean and Reliable Grid Affordability Act (SB25) while ComEd develops its comprehensive multi-DER Virtual Power Plant program, which must be filed with the ICC by the end of 2027. | https://ilga.gov/documents/legislation/104/SB/PDF/10400SB0025enr.pdf | https://www.utilitydive.com/news/illinois-approves-commonwealth-edison-vpp-under-new-clean-energy-law/824723/ | ||||
| IL | Ameren Illinois Scheduled Dispatch Program (Interim VPP Tariff) | Ameren Illinois | Investor-owned utility | Scheduled dispatch performance compensation | Minimum compensation established under SB25 (currently at least $10/kW of average scheduled dispatch performance) | Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2026 | Active Interim Program | Yes | Program implements SB25 equity provisions through the broader statutory framework. | Eligible Ameren Illinois customers with qualifying battery storage systems. | Residential, Commercial | Interim tariff remains in effect while Ameren Illinois develops its permanent multi-DER VPP program. | Peak demand reduction, Scheduled dispatch, Distribution support | No | Yes | Approved aggregators | The Illinois Commerce Commission approved Ameren Illinois' Scheduled Dispatch Program on July 16, 2026. The tariff creates an interim customer battery dispatch program under the Clean and Reliable Grid Affordability Act (SB25) while Ameren Illinois develops its comprehensive multi-DER Virtual Power Plant program, which must be filed with the ICC by the end of 2027. | https://ilga.gov/documents/legislation/104/SB/PDF/10400SB0025enr.pdf | https://www.utilitydive.com/news/illinois-approves-commonwealth-edison-vpp-under-new-clean-energy-law/824723/ | ||||
| KS | Home Battery Storage Pilot | Evergy | Investor-owned utility | Free battery + monthly program fee | Free 16 kWh battery system valued at about $18,000; customer pays $10/month program fee | Battery storage | Utility-owned | 2023 | Active Pilot | No | Not applicable | Residential customers selected for pilot | Residential | Program agreement term varies by customer agreement | Load shifting, Peak demand reduction, Backup power | Yes | Yes | Evergy / Sunverge battery platform | Evergy’s Home Battery Storage Pilot provides selected residential customers with a utility-owned 16 kWh home battery system. The customer receives backup power benefits and pays a $10 monthly program fee | https://efis.psc.mo.gov/Document/Display/810854 | https://www.evergy.com/-/media/images/battery-storage-customer-agreement--2022_1004342412-v4.pdf | ||||
| LA | EnergySmart Battery Program / Battery Storage Demand Response Pilot | Entergy New Orleans | Investor-owned utility | Enrollment + annual performance incentive | Current GreaterGrid/EnergyHub FAQ lists $125 per average kW used during the year; customers average about $360/year | Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2023 | Active Pilot | No | Not applicable | Residential and small commercial Entergy New Orleans customers | Residential, Commercial | Annual participation | Peak demand reduction, Demand response | Yes | Yes | EnergyHub / GreaterGrid | Entergy New Orleans’ battery demand response pilot was approved by the New Orleans City Council and later expanded into Phase II. Updated enrollment materials show annual performance compensation based on average kW delivered, rather than the older $300 enrollment + $250/year structure. | https://council.nola.gov/council/media/Assets/Committees/Climate/R-24-119-Battery-Storage-Demand-Response-Pilot-Program-UD-22-03.pdf | https://greatergrid.com/enroll/programs/batteries/entergyno-battery/faq | ||||
| LA | Entergy New Orleans Neighborhood Power Plan / Citywide Battery VPP | Entergy New Orleans / New Orleans City Council | Investor-owned utility / city-ordered program | Upfront incentive funded by settlement | Proposed/ordered funding: about $28M for incentives plus $2M administration; reported incentive levels include $10,000 per home and up to $100,000 for commercial/community buildings | Battery storage, Solar + storage | Mixed ownership / customer-sited | 2025 | Pending Program | Yes | Program is designed to support homes and community institutions, with resilience and affordability benefits. | Target about 1,500 homes and 150–250 community institutions / nonprofits | Residential, Commercial, MUSH / public or institutional | Three-year DER program ordered by Council | Emergency demand response, Peak demand reduction, Resilience, Resource adequacy | No | Yes | To be determined; Together New Orleans advanced concept | New Orleans City Council ordered Entergy New Orleans to design a citywide solar-tied battery incentive / VPP program funded through settlement dollars. | https://council.nola.gov/ | https://thelensnola.org/2026/03/02/new-orleans-latest-bid-for-a-better-grid-a-citywide-virtual-power-plant/ | ||||
| MA | ConnectedSolutions | Mass Save Sponsors (Eversource, National Grid, Unitil, Cape Light Compact) in partnership with ISO New England | Utility demand response / Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) Program | Performance-based annual incentives | Annual performance payments based on seasonal average kW reduction during dispatched events (technology- and utility-specific) | Battery storage, Smart thermostats, Electric water heaters, EV managed charging (utility-specific), Connected devices | Customer-owned | 2015 | Active Program | Yes | Available to all eligible customers; utilities offer additional outreach to underserved communities but no dedicated statewide equity incentive | Residential and commercial customers with eligible connected DERs | Residential, Commercial | Customers must remain enrolled and respond to dispatch events according to program requirements | Peak demand reduction, Capacity, Grid reliability, Demand flexibility | No | Yes | Utilities and approved third-party aggregators | ConnectedSolutions is Massachusetts' flagship bring-your-own-device demand flexibility program, enabling customers to enroll customer-owned DERs that are dispatched during periods of peak electricity demand. The program is administered by Mass Save Sponsors in coordination with ISO New England and compensates participants based on verified performance. Executive Order 654 (Massachusetts 10×10×10 Plan) reinforces the long-term policy direction for demand-side energy resources by establishing a statewide goal to develop or have in development 3.5 GW of demand-side resources including Virtual Power Plants (VPPs), demand response, managed EV charging, and microgrids by 2035. The Executive Order doesn't create a new customer-facing VPP program but provides important policy support for expanding ConnectedSolutions and future demand flexibility initiatives. | https://www.masssave.com/residential/rebates-offers-services/battery-storage-and-evs/batteries | https://www.mass.gov/info-details/executive-order-to-secure-massachusetts-energy-future | ||||
| MA | Clean Peak Energy Standard (CPES) | Massachusetts DOER | State agency / regulator | Clean Peak Energy Credits | CPEC value depends on market; ACP acts as ceiling. Alternative Compliance Payment was $45/MWh in early years and increases under schedule; verify current annual ACP before publication. | Battery storage, Solar + storage, Demand response, EV charging, Flexible load | Customer-owned / mixed | 2020 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Qualified clean peak resources including storage and demand response resources | Residential, Commercial, Industrial | Program compliance years ongoing | Peak demand reduction, GHG reduction, Clean peak supply | No | Yes | Qualified resource owners / aggregators | CPES is a clean peak market mechanism, not a single customer enrollment VPP. It remains relevant because batteries and demand response resources can earn Clean Peak Energy Credits for performance during seasonal peak periods. | https://www.mass.gov/doc/clean-peak-demand-response-resource-guideline-0/download | https://www.mass.gov/regulations/225-CMR-2100-clean-peak-energy-portfolio-standard-cps | ||||
| MA | Cape & Vineyard Electrification Offering (CVEO) | Cape Light Compact | Municipal aggregator / public energy efficiency program | Free or subsidized equipment + ConnectedSolutions performance revenue | Free or subsidized equipment depending on income/customer class; ConnectedSolutions performance revenue helps defray program costs | Battery storage, Solar + storage, Heat pumps, Weatherization | Third-party-owned / program-supported | 2023 | Active Pilot | Yes | Low-income/deed-restricted participants may receive free heat pumps, solar PV, and battery; moderate-income participants may receive discounts and 0% financing. | Capped residential program; reported 55 participants and 12 batteries in CEG case study | Residential, Low/moderate income | 10-year ConnectedSolutions participation for batteries | Peak demand reduction, Electrification, Resilience | Yes | Yes | Cape Light Compact / CVEC / battery providers | CVEO is an equity-centered electrification program that can include batteries enrolled in ConnectedSolutions. It is best classified as an integrated electrification + battery demand response offering rather than a conventional open battery VPP tariff. | https://www.cleanegroup.org/publication/solar-storage-electrification-cveo-massachusetts/ | |||||
| MD | Elk Neck Battery Storage Pilot | Delmarva Power + Sunverge | Investor-owned utility | Free battery + bill credit / peak credit | Free battery; customer may receive Peak Energy Savings Credit compensation, reported as $1.25/kWh reduced during events | Battery storage | Third-party-owned / utility-program deployed | 2022 | Active Pilot | No | Not applicable | 110 residential customers | Residential | Energy Storage Pilot Program term | Peak demand reduction, Capacity, Distribution support | Yes | Yes | Sunverge | Elk Neck is part of Maryland’s legislatively required Energy Storage Pilot Program. Delmarva’s residential pilot uses third-party battery systems to reduce demand and test energy storage business models. | https://www.psc.state.md.us/wp-content/uploads/Energy-Storage-Pilot-Program-Interim-Report.pdf | https://webpscxb.pscmaryland.com/DMS/case/9678 | ||||
| MD | BGE DRIVE Act VPP Pilot | Baltimore Gas & Electric | Investor-owned utility | Upfront + ongoing performance incentives | Final rates pending / subject to PSC order; proposal included upfront and ongoing customer incentives | Battery storage, EV managed charging, EV chargers, Smart thermostats, Flexible load | Mixed ownership | 2026 | Pending Pilot | Yes | BGE proposed an underserved / medically vulnerable multifamily battery component; final approved terms should be checked against PSC order. | Residential and commercial BGE customers | Residential, Commercial, Low/moderate income | Two-year pilot proposed | Peak demand reduction, Distribution deferral, Flexible load, Limited export from batteries/EVs | Yes | Yes | To be determined | 188 | Maryland PSC issued Order No. 91917 directing utilities to move forward with DRIVE Act implementation. BGE proposed up to 188 MW of flexible load resources from customer devices. | https://psc.maryland.gov/news/2026/psc-advances-virtual-power-plants-and-grid-modernization/ | https://www.utilitydive.com/news/maryland-regulators-weigh-investor-owned-utilities-flexible-load-proposals/817585/ | |||
| MD | Pepco DRIVE Act VPP Pilot | Pepco | Investor-owned utility | Upfront + ongoing performance incentives | Final rates pending / subject to PSC order | Battery storage, EV managed charging, Smart thermostats, Flexible load | Customer-owned | 2026 | Pending Pilot | No | Not applicable | Residential and commercial Pepco Maryland customers | Residential, Commercial | Two-year pilot proposed | Peak demand reduction, Distribution deferral, Flexible load, Limited export from batteries/EVs | Yes | Yes | To be determined | 185 | Pepco proposed up to 185 MW of flexible load resources under Maryland’s DRIVE Act framework. Pepco and Delmarva proposals were reviewed alongside BGE; the PSC subsequently issued implementation guidance. | https://psc.maryland.gov/wp-content/uploads/Order-91917_ML-323522-9761-1.pdf | https://www.utilitydive.com/news/maryland-regulators-weigh-investor-owned-utilities-flexible-load-proposals/817585/ | |||
| ME | Maine Energy Storage System Program | Efficiency Maine Trust | State energy efficiency trust | Performance incentive | $200/kW of validated reduction in grid-supplied power; minimum $4,000 and maximum $600,000 per year per project for 5 years | Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2023 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Commercial, nonprofit, institutional, and government demand-metered customers with qualifying ESS projects | Commercial, MUSH / public or institutional | 5-year contract | Peak demand reduction, ISO-NE ICAP reduction | No | No | No dispatch aggregator required; participant controls dispatch | Efficiency Maine’s ESS Program pays performance incentives for storage systems that reduce grid-supplied power during summer peak demand / ISO-NE ICAP conditions. Dispatch timing is participant responsibility, so it is VPP-adjacent but not centrally dispatched. | https://www.efficiencymaine.com/docs/PON-EM-003-2026-ESS-V1.pdf | https://www.cesa.org/event/energy-storage-for-peak-demand-reduction-efficiency-maine/ | ||||
| ME | Small Battery Management Initiative | Efficiency Maine Trust | State energy efficiency trust | Performance incentive via participating manufacturers | Previously listed: $100/kW of average discharge during season events, up to 20 kW; current public page says participating manufacturers pay battery owners hundreds more each year | Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2024 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Residential and small commercial customers with participating battery systems | Residential, Commercial | Seasonal performance | Peak demand reduction | No | Yes | Participating battery manufacturers / aggregators | Efficiency Maine’s Small Battery Program recently released a PON for aggregators (https://www.efficiencymaine.com/docs/Small-Battery-Program-Opportunity-Notice.pdf). | ||||||
| MN | Capacity Connect | Xcel Energy + Sparkfund | Investor-owned utility + distributed capacity provider | Site-host payments / distributed capacity procurement | Local businesses, C&I sites, and nonprofits paid to host batteries; customer payment terms not publicly standardized | Battery storage | Utility-owned / Xcel-owned batteries hosted at customer sites | 2026 | 2028 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Commercial, industrial, and nonprofit host sites; battery systems generally 1–3 MW | Commercial, Industrial, MUSH / public or institutional | Deployment target through 2028 | Capacity, Distribution deferral, Peak demand reduction | Yes | No / utility-owned program | Sparkfund partner; Xcel owns/operates assets | 200 | Capacity*Connect is a utility-owned distributed battery procurement program. Large, utility-owned batteries (1-3 MW) are sited front-of-meter on customer sites and dispatched for grid capacity. Minnesota PUC approved it April 2, 2026. Xcel plans to bring up to 200 MW online by 2028. | https://sparkfund.com/dcp-for-utilities | |||
| MO | Home Battery Storage Pilot | Evergy | Investor-owned utility | Free battery + monthly program fee | Free 16 kWh battery system valued at about $18,000; customer pays $10/month program fee | Battery storage | Utility-owned | 2023 | Active Pilot | No | Not applicable | Residential customers selected for pilot; Missouri tariff references RBES pilot budget cap | Residential | Program agreement term varies by customer agreement | Load shifting, Peak demand reduction, Backup power | Yes | Yes | Evergy / Sunverge battery platform | Evergy’s Missouri Residential Battery Energy Storage pilot is supported by Missouri tariff documents. The tariff caps pilot program cost at $2.5M and the customer agreement confirms the $10 monthly fee. | https://efis.psc.mo.gov/Document/Display/810854 | https://www.evergy.com/-/media/images/battery-storage-customer-agreement--2022_1004342412-v4.pdf | ||||
| MS | Entergy Mississippi Residential Demand Response Battery Incentive | Entergy Mississippi | Investor-owned utility | One-time upfront incentive tied to DR enrollment | $2,000 one-time cash incentive for eligible battery system | Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2025 | 2027 | Temporarily Suspended Program | Yes | Separate LMI incentive exists; customers may not receive both the standard battery incentive and LMI incentive. | Residential Entergy Mississippi customers installing UL 1741-certified batteries | Residential, Low/moderate income | Not publicly disclosed | Peak demand reduction / demand response if dispatched | No | Yes | Not disclosed | Entergy Mississippi’s NEM-2 tariff includes a Residential Demand Response Battery Incentive, requiring battery incentive recipients to enroll in the Battery Demand Response program. However, the program appears to be temporarily suspended during a Mississippi PSC rulemaking in Docket 2025-AD-61. See https://ctsportal.psc.ms.gov/portal/PSC/DocketDetails?docketId=24031 | https://www.entergymississippi.com/wp-content/uploads/eml_nem.pdf | https://solarusa.org/solar-rebates-and-incentives/mississippi/entergy-mississippi-residential-demand-response-battery | |||
| NC | PowerPair | Duke Energy Carolinas and Duke Energy Progress | Investor-owned utility | Upfront rebate + monthly performance credit through Power Manager Battery Control | Solar incentive: $0.36/W-AC up to 10 kW-AC. Battery incentive: $400/kWh up to 13.5 kWh, max $5,400. Total upfront up to $9,000; monthly battery control bill credits vary by committed kW/system. | Solar + storage, Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2024 | Active Pilot | No | Not applicable | Up to 6,000 residential systems | Residential | PowerPair pilot / battery control participation terms | Peak demand reduction, Grid support, GHG reduction | Yes | Yes | Duke Energy / approved battery control platforms | PowerPair pairs upfront solar-plus-storage incentives with Duke’s Power Manager Battery Control program for monthly credits when Duke can control enrolled batteries during grid events. Duke launched implementation in 2024 after NCUC approval. | https://news.duke-energy.com/releases/duke-energy-to-implement-new-powerpair-pilot-program-for-pairing-home-solar-installations-with-battery-energy-storage | https://powerpair.solar/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/DEC-Power-Manager-Battery-Control-One-Pager.pdf | ||||
| NH | Battery Storage Pilot | Liberty Utilities | Investor-owned utility | Customer lease / backup service | Two Tesla Powerwalls for $50/month or $4,866 upfront under original pilot terms | Battery storage | Utility-owned | 2019 | Closed Pilot | No | Not applicable | Phase I: 100 residential customers | Residential | Customer lease/program term | Peak demand reduction, Backup power, TOU optimization | Yes | Yes | Liberty Utilities / Tesla | Liberty’s NH battery pilot leased utility-owned Tesla Powerwalls to customers, allowing Liberty to dispatch batteries for peak reduction while customers receive backup power. Phase I was declared successful and Phase II was requested by the regulator. | ||||||
| NH | NH Clean Energy Fund / Eversource ConnectedSolutions Battery Program | Eversource New Hampshire | Investor-owned utility | Upfront rebate + performance follow-on | Residential: $230/kWh enrolled capacity, capped at $3,000/account. Commercial: $250/kWh, capped at $10,000. | Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2022 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Residential and small commercial Eversource NH customers with qualifying batteries | Residential, Commercial | At least 3 summer seasons before roll into ConnectedSolutions Daily performance path | Peak demand reduction | No | Yes | Eversource / approved battery manufacturers | Eversource NH offers a battery rebate supported by the NH Clean Energy Fund and connected to ConnectedSolutions-style demand response. Customers can later roll into ongoing performance compensation after required participation. | https://enphase.com/eversource-new-hampshire-clean-energy-fund-nhcef-battery-storage-program | |||||
| NJ | NJ Virtual Power Plant Program / EO-2 | New Jersey Board of Public Utilities; electric distribution utilities and third-party suppliers | State regulator / utility-administered future program | TBD | TBD | Battery storage, Solar + storage, EV charging, Behind-the-meter DERs | Mixed ownership | 2026 | Pending Program | No | Not applicable | TBD; future utility and third-party supplier participants | Residential, Commercial | TBD | Peak demand reduction, DER aggregation, Grid stability | No | Yes | Utilities and third-party suppliers TBD | New Jersey Executive Order No. 2 directs BPU to begin developing a statewide virtual power plant program within 180 days. The program is in development. | https://www.nj.gov/bpu/ | https://advancedenergyunited.org/press-releases/new-jersey-governor-sherrill-creates-new-energy-opportunities-on-day-one/ | ||||
| NY | PSEG Long Island Battery Storage Rewards | PSEG Long Island | Municipal utility / public power | Upfront incentive + performance / capacity payment | Powerwall pathway: $0.25/kWh supplied during events + $8/kW-month May–Sept based on average monthly performance. Enphase pathway also lists upfront incentive of $250/kWh usable capacity capped at $6,250/household. | Battery storage, Solar + storage | Customer-owned | 2022 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Residential PSEG Long Island customers with eligible home batteries | Residential | Annual summer performance period | Peak demand reduction, Grid reliability | No | Yes | Tesla; Enphase; other approved providers | PSEG Long Island’s Battery Storage Rewards is a residential battery VPP that calls on enrolled batteries during hot summer grid events. Incentives differ by provider pathway | https://www.tesla.com/support/energy/virtual-power-plant/psegli | |||||
| NY | Orange & Rockland / Sunrun Residential VPP | Orange & Rockland Utilities + Sunrun | Investor-owned utility + third-party aggregator | Free or discounted battery / program participation | Customer-facing compensation depends on Sunrun/O&R contract; public sources emphasize free or discounted batteries rather than a uniform published rate | Solar + storage, Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2024 | Active Pilot | No | Not applicable | Approximately 300+ residential solar+storage systems; reported around 1.5 MW | Residential | Program/pilot term | Peak demand reduction, Local grid support | Yes | Yes | Sunrun | 1.5 | Orange & Rockland and Sunrun developed one of New York’s largest residential battery VPPs, using residential solar-plus-storage to reduce peaks and support the local grid. | https://gridconnect.nyserda.ny.gov/discussion-topics/orange-rockland-partners-with-sunrun-to-build-and-operate-new-yorks-largest-residential-virtual-power-plant/ | https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/248/sunrun-and-orange-rockland-utilities-to-develop | |||
| NY | National Grid NY ConnectedSolutions Battery Program | National Grid Upstate New York | Investor-owned utility | Seasonal performance incentive | $50/kW of average summer performance; average customer payment reported around $180–$250/year | Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2025 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | National Grid Upstate NY residential customers with eligible home batteries | Residential | Summer season May 1–Sept. 30 | Peak demand reduction | No | Yes | Tesla, Enphase, SolarEdge, FranklinWH, Qcells, Canadian Solar, Sol-Ark, Fortress Power / approved pathways | National Grid’s Upstate New York ConnectedSolutions Battery Program is separate from Massachusetts/Rhode Island ConnectedSolutions and from PSEG Long Island/O&R programs. It pays customers based on average summer performance during peak events. | https://www.chargingrewards.com/nationalgrid-ny-battery/ | |||||
| NY | Con Edison Bring Your Own Battery | Consolidated Edison | Investor-owned utility | Performance bill credit / demand response compensation | Program guidelines define compensation under Con Edison DLC/BYOB rules; summary estimates often cite around $50/kW-year, but final payment should be taken from current Con Edison BYOB guidelines | Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2026 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Con Edison customers with permanently installed, internet-connected ESS up to 50 kW AC | Residential, Commercial | Program season / DLC participation terms | Peak demand reduction, Emergency demand response, Load relief | No | Yes | Implementation contractors / vendors selected through Con Edison DLC RFP | Con Edison’s BYOB guidelines were published in June 2026 and define load relief events, participating customers, eligible ESS, and DLC participation. | https://www.coned.com/en/business-partners/business-opportunities/direct-load-control | https://www.coned.com/en/our-energy-future/our-energy-vision/where-we-are-going/energy-storage | ||||
| OR | PGE Smart Battery Pilot | Portland General Electric | Investor-owned utility | Performance bill credit + upfront Energy Trust incentive | $1.70/kWh actually provided from the battery during Peak Time Events; upfront Energy Trust incentive up to $4,800 reported by Energy Trust/OEM partners | Battery storage, Solar + storage | Customer-owned | 2024 | Active Pilot | No | Not applicable | PGE residential customers with eligible batteries | Residential | Pilot participation terms | Peak demand reduction, Load shifting | Yes | Yes | PGE-administered; eligible batteries include Tesla, Enphase, FranklinWH, Sonnen, Generac, Duracell, Eguana, SolarEdge and others | PGE Smart Battery Pilot pays customers for battery discharge during peak events. | https://assets.ctfassets.net/416ywc1laqmd/7vtjzSmOOT26tGb1WDRUQD/70ea463d6f0492ad97bb02311248b7c4/Updated_as_of_4_17_2025_Smart_Battery_Pilot_Manual.pdf | https://www.fortresspower.com/energybroker/pge-smart-battery-pilot-program-oregon/ | ||||
| OR | Wattsmart Battery Program | Pacific Power | Investor-owned utility | Upfront incentive + ongoing annual bill credit | Residential: $600/kW capped at $3,000 per battery, max two batteries per household. Commercial: $600/kW up to 30 kW. Annual ongoing bill credit: $15/kW beginning in year two. | Battery storage, Solar + storage | Customer-owned | 2025 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Residential and commercial Pacific Power customers | Residential, Commercial | 4-year customer participation commitment commonly referenced | Load shifting, Voltage management, Peak demand reduction | No | Yes | Pacific Power / approved batteries and aggregators | Pacific Power launched Wattsmart Battery in Oregon in 2025, with $600/kW upfront and ongoing annual credits. Oregon-specific incentives differ from Rocky Mountain Power incentives in other states. | https://edocs.puc.state.or.us/efdocs/UAA/uaa333696025.pdf | https://www.pacificpower.net/about/newsroom/news-releases/pacific-power-launches-wattsmart-battery.html | ||||
| PR | Battery Emergency Demand Response Pilot | LUMA | Investor-owned utility / grid operator | Performance payment via aggregators | Original pilot standard offer commonly cited at $1.25/kWh to aggregators; customer compensation depended on aggregator terms | Battery storage, Solar + storage | Customer-owned | 2023 | 2026 | Closed Pilot | No | Not applicable | Residential and commercial LUMA customers with batteries participating through aggregators | Residential, Commercial | Pilot period before CBES full program | Emergency demand response, Peak demand reduction | Yes | Yes | Aggregators participating in LUMA program | Battery Emergency Demand Response was the precursor/pilot that evolved into LUMA’s Customer Battery Energy Sharing program. | https://energia.pr.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2026/04/20260331-MI20260002-MI20220001-Additional-Auto-Enrollment-for-2026.pdf | https://lumapr.com/battery-demand-response/?lang=en | |||
| PR | Customer Battery Energy Sharing (CBES) | LUMA | Investor-owned utility / grid operator | Aggregator-determined / performance payment | Aggregator/customer compensation varies; Enphase pathway states $1.00/kWh delivered during LUMA battery demand response events | Battery storage, Solar + storage | Customer-owned | 2023 | 2028 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Residential and commercial LUMA customers with solar+battery systems participating through aggregators | Residential, Commercial | FY2026–FY2028 program continuation | Peak demand reduction, Emergency demand response, Generation shortfall support | No | Yes | CBES began as a pilot and was approved to continue as a full program for FY2026–FY2028. It uses customer batteries to export energy during generation shortfalls and grid events. | https://energia.pr.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2026/04/20260331-MI20260002-MI20220001-Additional-Auto-Enrollment-for-2026.pdf | https://enphase.com/installers/grid-services/luma-customer-battery-energy-sharing-program | ||||
| PR | PowerOn Puerto Rico | Sunrun | Third-party aggregator | Performance payment | $1/kWh delivered during events | Battery storage, Solar + storage | Customer-owned | 2023 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Sunrun customers in Puerto Rico with batteries; thousands of enrolled batteries | Residential | Seasonal / event participation | Emergency demand response, Peak demand reduction | No | Yes | Sunrun | PowerOn Puerto Rico is Sunrun’s customer-facing aggregation within Puerto Rico’s broader battery demand response/CBES ecosystem. It pays participating Sunrun battery customers for energy delivered during LUMA events. | https://www.cesa.org/resource-library/resource/puerto-rico-virtual-power-plant/ | |||||
| RI | ConnectedSolutions | Rhode Island Energy | Investor-owned utility | Seasonal performance payment | $225/kW average summer performance; some sources/implementers also reference winter performance opportunities, but official RI OER page highlights summer $225/kW | Battery storage, Smart thermostats, EV managed charging, EV chargers | Customer-owned | 2019 | Active Program | Yes | Low-income or equity-specific treatment may exist through installers or adjacent programs; base ConnectedSolutions page does not present a separate LMI rate. | Residential and small business Rhode Island Energy customers with eligible batteries | Residential, Commercial | First five summer seasons may lock incentive rate for new batteries | Peak demand reduction | No | Yes | Customer may enroll directly or through approved battery implementers | Rhode Island ConnectedSolutions pays battery owners for average performance during peak summer events. The Rhode Island Office of Energy Resources confirms the $225/kW summer incentive and five-summer rate lock. | https://www.rienergy.com/site/-/media/rie-jss-app/home/ways-to-save/rebates-and-savings-programs/connectedsolutions/battery-program/RIE_Program-Guide_Battery-Energy-Storage-2025.ashx | https://enphase.com/installers/grid-services/connectedsolutions | ||||
| SC | EnergyWise Home + Power Manager Battery Control | Duke Energy Carolinas / Duke Energy Progress South Carolina | Investor-owned utility | Monthly performance bill credit | Bill credits vary by location/battery capacity. Public examples: about $6.50/kW-month; Enphase examples show $35/month for two IQ Battery 5Ps, $53/month for three IQ Battery 5Ps | Battery storage, Smart thermostats | Customer-owned | 2024 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Residential Duke Energy customers with eligible batteries | Residential | Annual participation; events up to about 30–36 per year | Peak demand reduction, Emergency demand response | No | Yes | Duke Energy / approved battery platforms including Enphase and others | Duke Energy’s Battery Control program provides monthly credits for allowing Duke to manage batteries during demand response events. South Carolina’s BYOD battery pathway is distinct from North Carolina PowerPair’s upfront solar-plus-storage rebate. | https://enphase.com/installers/grid-services/carolinas/duke-energy-battery-control-program | |||||
| TX | ERCOT Aggregate Distributed Energy Resource (ADER) Pilot | ERCOT / PUCT | ISO/RTO / market pilot | Wholesale market participation / aggregator compensation | Wholesale market compensation depends on ERCOT market participation and QSE/ADER settlement terms | Battery storage, Solar + storage, EV chargers, Smart thermostats, Flexible C&I loads, Distributed generation | Customer-owned / mixed | 2022 | Active Pilot | No | Not applicable | Qualified ADERs aggregated from multiple distribution-level premises | Residential, Commercial, Industrial | Phase 3 active from 2025 | Wholesale market participation, Energy, Ancillary services, Capacity-like grid support | Yes | Yes | Tesla Electric, GVEC/Tesla, Bandera Electric, others | ERCOT's ADER pilot evaluates how aggregated distribution-connected resources can participate in the ERCOT wholesale market. Phase 3 was approved in 2025 and expanded the pilot framework. | https://interchange.puc.texas.gov/search/filings/?ControlNumber=53911&ItemMatch=0&SortBy=FileStamp&SortOrder=Descending | https://www.ercot.com/files/docs/2025/06/16/4.3-Aggregate-Distributed-Energy-Resource-ADER-Pilot-Project-Phase-3.pdf | ||||
| TX | Tesla Electric VPP with ERCOT | Tesla Electric | Third-party aggregator / retail electric provider | Monthly bill credit + sellback credit | Tesla currently describes a monthly credit plus sellback credits; older fixed $400/year language should be verified before use | Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2023 | Active Pilot | No | Not applicable | Residential Tesla Electric customers with enrolled Powerwalls | Residential | Ongoing under Tesla Electric / ERCOT ADER participation | Wholesale market participation, Peak demand reduction, Grid balancing | Yes | Yes | Tesla Electric | Tesla Electric’s Texas VPP operates through ERCOT’s ADER pilot. Tesla no longer clearly states a flat $400/year public incentive on the current support page; it describes monthly bill credits plus sellback credits. | https://www.ercot.com/mktrules/pilots/ader | https://www.utilitydive.com/news/tesla-virtual-power-plants-vpp-ercot-puc-texas-grid/691713/ | ||||
| TX | Bandera Electric Cooperative VPP | Bandera Electric Cooperative | Electric cooperative | Monthly bill credit / future wholesale value sharing possible | Official BEC materials state members currently receive a monthly credit while rates/compensation are developed; third-party reporting cites $40/month for battery-control participation | Battery storage, Solar + storage, Smart thermostats, EVs / distributed resources | Customer-owned / mixed | 2024 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Bandera Electric Cooperative members with qualifying DERs | Residential | Ongoing | Wholesale market participation, Peak demand reduction, Grid reliability | No | Yes | Tesla; Base Power partnership also relevant | Bandera Electric became one of the first electric cooperatives to qualify a VPP for ERCOT wholesale-market participation. | https://www.ercot.com/mktrules/pilots/ader | https://www.banderaelectric.com/energy-services/solar-battery/battery-storage/battery-storage-program/ | ||||
| TX | CPS Energy Battery Storage Program / My Battery Rewards | CPS Energy | Municipal utility / public power | Per-event bill credit | $10 bill credit per successful program event | Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2024 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Residential CPS Energy customers who own and can deploy battery energy storage systems | Residential | Ongoing | Peak demand reduction, Emergency demand response | No | Yes | CPS Energy-administered | CPS Energy’s battery program pays residential customers $10 per event for deploying their batteries when requested to reduce grid strain. This is a public-power BYOB battery demand response program | https://www.cpsenergy.com/en/forms/battery-storage-program-enrollment-form.html | |||||
| TX | CoServ PeakTime Perks Tesla Battery Program | CoServ / Denton County Electric Cooperative | Electric cooperative | Monthly bill credit | $30/month per eligible battery; up to $360/year | Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2024 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | CoServ members with eligible Tesla Powerwall batteries | Residential | Ongoing | Peak demand reduction, Grid reliability | No | Yes | Tesla | CoServ’s PeakTime Perks Tesla Battery Program pays members for allowing CoServ to manage Powerwalls during peak demand events. Current public materials identify Tesla batteries only for the battery track. | https://www.tesla.com/support/energy/virtual-power-plant/coserv | |||||
| TX | GVEC Peak-Time Payback Battery Program | Guadalupe Valley Electric Cooperative | Electric cooperative | Upfront incentive + annual bill credit | For Tesla installs after Apr. 1, 2026: $515/kW for first 11.5 kW + $220/kW above 11.5 kW up to 23 kW; ongoing $75/kW-year capped at 23 kW. Earlier/general GVEC materials cite $220/kW upfront + $75/kW-year. | Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2025 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | GVEC members with Enphase IQ or Tesla Powerwall battery systems | Residential | Ongoing | Peak demand reduction, ERCOT ADER / market participation, Capacity-like grid support | No | Yes | Tesla; Enphase | 20 | GVEC’s Peak-Time Payback has evolved. Older materials cite $220/kW upfront plus $75/kW annually; Tesla’s current GVEC page shows a richer tiered upfront incentive for Tesla systems installed after Apr. 1, 2026. | https://www.ercot.com/mktrules/pilots/ader | https://www.tesla.com/support/energy/virtual-power-plant/gvec | |||
| TX | TXU Energy & Sunrun Battery Rewards | Vistra / TXU Energy + Sunrun | Third-party aggregator / retail electric provider | Semiannual / annual rewards card payment | $200/year in prepaid digital rewards cards | Solar + storage, Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2024 | ##### | Closed program | No | Not applicable | Qualifying TXU Energy customers with Sunrun batteries | Residential | Two-year term ending June 30, 2026 | Peak demand reduction, Grid support | Yes | Yes | Sunrun | TXU Energy and Sunrun Battery Rewards launched in 2024 and runs through June 30, 2026 under the published program terms. It aggregates residential solar-connected batteries to support the Texas grid. | https://www.sunrun.com/txu-battery-tc | ||||
| TX | TXU Energy Battery Rewards with Enphase | Vistra / TXU Energy + Enphase | Third-party aggregator / retail electric provider | Financial incentives / rewards | Exact incentive terms not fully visible on public page; TXU confirms Enphase battery owners can enroll and receive financial incentives | Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2026 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | TXU Energy customers with Enphase IQ Batteries | Residential | Ongoing / program terms not fully public | Peak demand reduction, Grid support | No | Yes | Enphase | TXU expanded its Battery Rewards concept beyond Sunrun to Enphase IQ Batteries in March 2026. | https://investor.vistracorp.com/2026-03-05-Vistra-Expands-Residential-Battery-Aggregation-Program-with-Enphase-Energy | |||||
| TX | NRG + Sunrun Texas VPP / Reliant Residential Battery Partnership | NRG Energy / Reliant + Sunrun | Third-party aggregator / retail energy provider | Optimized retail plan / smart battery programming / compensation not fully public | Customer-facing terms not fully public; partnership targets 1 GW by 2035, beginning from NRG’s 150 MW 2025 residential VPP target | Battery storage, Solar + storage | Customer-owned | 2025 | 2035 target | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Reliant customers in Texas with Sunrun solar + storage systems | Residential | Multi-year partnership | Peak demand reduction, ERCOT grid support, Dispatchable capacity | No | Yes | Sunrun | 1000 | Sunrun and NRG announced a multi-year Texas partnership in Dec. 2025 to aggregate Sunrun home batteries through Reliant retail plans for ERCOT grid support, with NRG targeting 1 GW of residential battery VPP capacity by 2035. | https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/358/sunrun-and-nrg-energy-announce-partnership-to-harness-the | https://mgrid.org/2025/12/18/nrg-sunrun-texas-vpp-1gw-residential-battery-ercot-2025/ | ||
| TX | SOLRITE + sonnen Virtual Power Plant / Virtual Power Agreement | SOLRITE Energy + sonnen + Abundance Energy | Third-party aggregator / retail energy + battery provider | Flat retail rate + monthly service fee + grid services monetization | Published offer: $0.12/kWh all-in energy cost plus about $20/month service fee; battery-only product also announced | Solar + storage, Battery storage | Third-party-owned / provider-owned | 2025 | End of 2026 target | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Residential customers in deregulated Texas markets; 3,000 customers reported by early 2026; 10,000 target by end of 2026 | Residential | Customer contract terms not fully public | Wholesale arbitrage, Peak demand reduction, ERCOT grid services | No | Yes | sonnen / SOLRITE / Energywell Proton platform | 144 | SOLRITE and sonnen operate a Texas VPP/VPA model using residential batteries. The companies report 3,000 customers and a target of 10,000 customers / 600 MWh by end of 2026. | https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/02/11/3236350/0/en/solrite-brings-groundbreaking-battery-only-sonnen-virtual-power-plant-offer-to-texas-transforming-the-lone-star-state-s-energy-market-once-again.html | |||
| TX | Austin Energy Power Partner Battery Pilot | Austin Energy | Municipal utility / public power | Upfront rebate + annual performance payment | $500 upfront rebate for batteries with PTO on/after Feb. 18, 2025; $75/kW annual performance payment based on average reduction delivered during events | Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2026 | Active Pilot | No | Not applicable | Up to 1,500 approved residential battery systems | Residential | Annual program period | Peak demand reduction, Grid reliability | Yes | Yes | EnergyHub; Tesla; FranklinWH; SolarEdge | Austin Energy launched Power Partner Battery in March 2026 with EnergyHub. The program is capped at 1,500 systems and pays both an upfront rebate and annual performance compensation. Third-party-owned batteries are not eligible. | https://austinenergy.com/about/news/news-releases/2026/Austin-Energy-launches-innovative-Power-Partner-Battery-Pilot-program | |||||
| TX | Base Power Multi-Utility / Co-op VPP | Base Power + Texas utility partners including CoServ and Bandera Electric | Third-party aggregator / battery provider | Customers pay installation cost for battery; Base collects grid services revenues | Public customer terms vary; Base public site markets backup power service rather than a standardized VPP payment | Battery storage | Third-party-owned / Base-owned | 2026 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Residential customers in Texas utility/retail territories served by Base and partner utilities | Residential | Customer contract terms vary by market | Peak demand reduction, Emergency backup, ERCOT grid services | Yes | Yes | Base Power | 100 | Base Power is rapidly deploying provider-owned residential batteries in Texas through retail and utility/co-op partnerships. Public reporting identifies a 100 MW VPP program | https://www.energy-storage.news/base-power-launches-100mw-vpp-programme-in-texas/ | ||||
| TX | El Paso Electric Residential Distributed Energy Storage Pilot / Base Power | El Paso Electric + Base Power | Investor-owned utility | Free battery + sign-up bonus for early participants | No upfront cost; first 500 installed homeowners receive up to $500 total ($250 per battery) | Battery storage | Third-party-owned / Base-owned | 2026 | Active Pilot | No | Not applicable | Qualifying El Paso Electric residential customers in selected areas; first 500 installed customers receive bonus | Residential | Customer participation / host term not fully public on official page | Peak demand reduction, Load shifting, Local grid reliability, Backup power | Yes | Yes | Base Power; EPE manages dispatch/scheduling/performance monitoring | 9.9 | El Paso Electric’s residential battery pilot with Base Power deploys home batteries at no cost in selected constrained areas. EPE manages dispatch, scheduling, and performance monitoring; Base installs and maintains systems. | https://www.epelectric.com/news/el-paso-electric-and-base-power-install-first-home-battery-in-el-paso-as-part-of-new-reliability-pilot-program | ||||
| TX | Octopus Energy Texas Battery VPP / Intelligent Octopus | Octopus Energy + Lunar Energy | Third-party aggregator / retail electric provider | Monthly bill credits + retail battery plan | Intelligent Octopus third-party installer reporting cites $20/month per 5 kWh enrolled; Lunar bundle reported as 30 kWh battery at no upfront cost, $45/month, and electricity starting around $0.08/kWh for three years | Battery storage | Mixed ownership / Lunar bundled battery option | 2026 | 2029 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Texas residential customers with home batteries / Lunar battery plan customers | Residential | Three-year retail plan for Lunar bundle | Peak demand reduction, Wholesale arbitrage, ERCOT grid services, Backup power | No | Yes | Octopus Energy / Kraken; Lunar Energy | Octopus has a Texas battery VPP offering and a Lunar Energy battery-enabled electricity plan. The $20/month per 5 kWh figure is supported by installer-facing materials and the Lunar bundled plan is supported by industry reporting. | https://www.utilitydive.com/news/octopus-energy-lunar-energy-roll-out-battery-enabled-electricity-in-texas/818847/ | ||||
| UT | Wattsmart Battery Program | Rocky Mountain Power | Investor-owned utility | Upfront incentive + annual bill credit | Effective June 15, 2026: residential single-battery systems 10 kW or greater receive $2,000 upfront; systems under 10 kW receive $1,000 upfront; commercial systems up to 30 kW receive $200/kW upfront; ongoing annual bill credit of $15/kW begins in year two. | Battery storage, Solar + storage | Customer-owned | 2020 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Residential and commercial Rocky Mountain Power customers with qualifying batteries | Residential, Commercial | 4-year participation commitment | Load shifting, Voltage management, Peak demand reduction | Yes | Yes | Rocky Mountain Power / approved battery vendors | Wattsmart Battery in Utah has changed from the older $400/kW-style incentive to a new 2026 structure. | https://www.rockymountainpower.net/content/dam/pcorp/documents/en/rockymountainpower/savings-energy-choices/wattsmart-batteries/UT_Wattsmart_Battery_Program_Announcement.pdf | https://www.rockymountainpower.net/content/dam/pcorp/documents/en/rockymountainpower/savings-energy-choices/wattsmart-batteries/RMP_BatteryStorageProgram_customer_FINAL.pdf | ||||
| VA | Dominion Energy Virginia VPP Pilot | Dominion Energy Virginia | Investor-owned utility | Bill credits / participation incentives to be set by SCC-approved tariff | To be set in SCC-approved tariff; Dominion proposal required by Dec. 1, 2025 | Battery storage, Solar + storage, EV chargers, Smart thermostats, Vehicle-to-grid (V2G), Flexible DERs | Customer-owned / mixed | 2025 | ##### | Pending Pilot | Yes | Community Energy Act requires incentives for at least 15 MW of residential battery additions, including enhanced incentives for historically economically disadvantaged communities. | Dominion Virginia customers with eligible distributed energy resources | Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Low/moderate income | Pilot through July 1, 2028 | Peak demand reduction, Resource adequacy, Emergency demand response, Grid services | Yes | Yes | Third-party implementation vendors TBD | 450 | Dominion’s VPP pilot is mandated by Virginia’s 2025 Community Energy Act. Dominion says it will submit a proposal to the SCC to launch the pilot. The law/policy framework allows up to 450 MW of aggregated DER capacity across multiple regions. | https://www.billtrack50.com/billdetail/1774278 | https://www.utilitydive.com/news/virginia-leads-with-utility-scale-vpp-pilot-amid-national-push/747770/ | ||
| VA | Appalachian Power Virginia VPP Pilot / HB1467 | Appalachian Power | Investor-owned utility | Bill credits / export compensation to be set by SCC-approved pilot | To be set in SCC-approved pilot | Battery storage, Smart thermostats, Water heaters, EV managed charging, Vehicle-to-grid, Flexible DERs | Customer-owned / mixed | 2026 | Pending Pilot | No | Not applicable | Appalachian Power Virginia households and businesses with eligible devices | Residential, Commercial | Pilot terms TBD; proposal required by law | Peak demand reduction, Resource adequacy, Grid services | Yes | Yes | Third-party aggregators / technology partners TBD | 150 | HB1467 requires Appalachian Power to propose a VPP pilot. SEPA summarizes the law as requiring APCo to propose by July 2027 a pilot with DER aggregations totaling up to 150 MW. This is a law/pending program, not yet a live customer offering. | https://sepapower.org/knowledge/vpp-and-supporting-der-policy-developments-q1-2026/ | https://solarunitedneighbors.org/news/new-solar-laws-to-celebrate-in-virginia/ | |||
| VI | VIBES 2.0 Virtual Power Plant Pilot | Virgin Islands Energy Office + Virgin Islands Water and Power Authority + Tesla | Public power / territory energy office | Upfront + ongoing milestone payments | Program page confirms cash incentive for enrollment and milestone rewards; public reporting states $500 one-time per Powerwall up to four units plus $125 per quarter per Powerwall | Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2026 | 2028 | Active Pilot | No | Not applicable | Tesla Powerwall owners in the U.S. Virgin Islands | Residential | 3 years | Peak demand reduction, Emergency demand response, Grid stabilization, Resource adequacy | Yes | Yes | Tesla | VIBES 2.0 is a territory-level Tesla Powerwall VPP pilot designed to support WAPA grid reliability. The official VIEO page confirms program purpose and compensation structure, while local reporting provides the specific $500 + $125/quarter amounts. | https://viconsortium.com/vi-community_center/virgin-islands-powerwall-owners-could-earn-up-to--4-000-as-v-i--launches-virtual-power-plant-to-support-wapa-grid | ||||
| VT | Green Mountain Power Battery Leasing Program / Energy Storage Access Program | Green Mountain Power | Investor-owned utility | Customer lease / backup service | Current public reporting and GMP materials indicate two batteries for about $55/month or an upfront purchase option; income-qualified customers may qualify for reduced-cost participation through the Energy Storage Access Program. | Battery storage | Utility-owned | 2020 | Active Program | Yes | Energy Storage Access Program expands access for income-qualified customers and customers in constrained grid areas. | Residential GMP customers | Residential, Low/moderate income | Lease term per GMP tariff/rider | Peak demand reduction, Frequency regulation, Resilience | Yes | Yes | Green Mountain Power / Tesla and other battery vendors | Green Mountain Power's utility-owned battery leasing model remains one of the largest residential virtual power plants in the United States. GMP now manages more than 10,000 batteries installed behind customers' meters, using coordinated dispatch to reduce peak demand, improve grid reliability, lower costs for all customers, and provide participating households with backup power during outages. | https://static.greenmountainpower.com/tariffs/add-ons/Energy-Storage-Access-Program-Rider.pdf | https://electrek.co/2026/07/28/vermonts-largest-energy-source-is-now-a-virtual-power-plant/ | ||||
| VT | Green Mountain Power Bring Your Own Device | Green Mountain Power | Investor-owned utility | Upfront performance incentive + locational adder | $850/kW for 3-hour discharge commitment or $950/kW for 4-hour discharge commitment; additional $100/kW for retrofitting existing solar in beneficial grid areas; maximum public incentive commonly cited up to $10,500. | Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2020 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Residential GMP customers with qualifying batteries | Residential | Customer commits stored energy for peak events | Peak demand reduction, Frequency regulation, Resilience | Yes | Yes | Green Mountain Power / customer-selected eligible batteries | GMP’s BYOD program provides upfront compensation for customer-owned batteries in exchange for allowing GMP to use stored energy during peaks. Current GMP page verifies $850/kW and $950/kW incentive levels. | https://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program/detail/22564 | https://greenmountainpower.com/news/gmps-request-to-expand-customer-access-to-cost-effective-home-energy-storage-is-approved/ | ||||
| VT | Vermont Electric Cooperative Flexible Load Program | Vermont Electric Cooperative | Electric cooperative | Monthly bill credit or upfront incentive + lower monthly credit | Option A battery credit: monthly bill credit based on usable capacity over 4 hours. Prior CESA value: $6.40/kWh usable capacity monthly. Option B: upfront incentive plus reduced monthly credit; verify current annual rider. | Battery storage, EV charging, Flexible C&I loads | Customer-owned | 2021 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Residential and commercial / industrial VEC members with flexible loads | Residential, Commercial, Industrial | Ongoing | Peak demand reduction, Load management, Distribution flexibility | No | Yes | VEC / Texture enrollment platform | VEC Flexible Load pays members for allowing VEC to manage batteries and other flexible loads. | https://onboard.texturehq.com/d583b6/programs/Flexible-Load-Program-2025 | |||||
| WA | PSE Flex Batteries | Puget Sound Energy | Investor-owned utility | Enrollment incentive + annual performance incentive | Enrollment incentive: $75/kWh up to $1,000 per battery. Annual participation incentive: $0.50/kWh provided during events, up to $500 per battery per year. | Battery storage | Customer-owned | 2024 | Active Program | Yes | Enhanced incentives may be available through related Washington clean energy programs; base PSE Flex Batteries page does not present a separate LMI rate. | Residential PSE electric customers with eligible batteries | Residential | Ongoing | Peak demand reduction, Grid reliability, Demand response | No | Yes | PSE / approved battery vendors including Enphase and FranklinWH | PSE Flex Batteries pays customers for enrolling home batteries and allowing PSE to draw on stored energy during Flex events. AutoGrid has historically supported PSE Flex, while current battery vendor pages confirm Enphase and FranklinWH eligibility. | https://enphase.com/installers/grid-services/washington/puget-sound-energy-program | |||||
| WA | Wattsmart Battery Program | Pacific Power | Investor-owned utility | Upfront incentive + ongoing annual bill credit | Residential: $600/kW capped at $3,000 per battery and two batteries per household. Commercial: up to $600/kW, generally up to 30 kW. Ongoing annual bill credit: $15/kW beginning in year two. | Battery storage, Solar + storage | Customer-owned | 2025 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Residential and commercial Pacific Power customers in Washington | Residential, Commercial | 4-year participation commitment | Load shifting, Voltage management, Peak demand reduction | No | Yes | Pacific Power / approved battery vendors | Pacific Power launched Wattsmart Battery in Washington and Oregon in 2025. This is the Pacific Power version of Wattsmart, not the Rocky Mountain Power Utah/Idaho/Wyoming incentive design. | https://www.pacificpower.net/content/dam/pcorp/documents/en/pacificpower/savings-energy-choices/demand-response/PP_Wattsmart_Battery_Customer_Handout.pdf | |||||
| WY | Wattsmart Battery Program | Rocky Mountain Power | Investor-owned utility | Upfront incentive + annual bill credit | Effective July 1, 2026 in Wyoming and Idaho: residential single-battery systems 10 kW or greater receive $2,000 upfront; systems under 10 kW receive $1,000 upfront; commercial systems up to 30 kW receive $200/kW upfront; ongoing annual bill credit of $15/kW begins in year two. | Battery storage, Solar + storage | Customer-owned | 2020 | Active Program | No | Not applicable | Residential and commercial Rocky Mountain Power customers in Wyoming | Residential, Commercial | 4-year participation commitment | Load shifting, Voltage management, Peak demand reduction | Yes | Yes | Rocky Mountain Power / approved battery vendors | Wyoming Wattsmart incentives changed effective July 1, 2026. | https://www.rockymountainpower.net/content/dam/pcorp/documents/en/rockymountainpower/savings-energy-choices/wattsmart-batteries/RMP_BatteryStorageProgram_customer_FINAL.pdf | https://www.rockymountainpower.net/content/dam/pcorp/documents/en/rockymountainpower/savings-energy-choices/wattsmart-batteries/RMP_BatteryStorageProgram_Commercial.pdf |
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Last Updated: November 2025